Vegetable Improvement Newsletter
No. 11, February 1969
Compiled by H.M. Munger, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
1. Summary of Comments on Questionnaire
Sixty-seven persons responded to the questionnaire, and
42% of these made some comment.
Several persons felt the patents system was not the only
desirable regulatory system, but certification was not felt
to be ideal either. Some indicated the present voluntary
systems or a limited generation (5-year protection) was
preferable to a patent system. Others wanted licensing of
varieties with a royalty, with stock seed supplied b the
originator.
Some contrasting opinions were made both for and against
patenting cross pollinated crops. Others stated inbreds
should be patented as they need protection as much as varieties.
In contrast, some persons said only distinct varieties should
be patented.
There was a general concern that the patent system would
reduce germ plasm exchange and this was a major objection
to such a system. Likewise, there was concern that more
government bureaucracy would develop and it was hoped that
if a patent system became law it would be without government
regulation or enforcement (enforcement only through the
courts). In particular, patents should be granted without
government decisions on whether the variety merited the
patenting but only that it was different.
It was suggested patents would encourage use of inferior
non-patented varieties and that patents would encourage
use of inferior non-patented varieties and that patents
were not needed as superior varieties would come to the
fore anyway.
Some public breeders expressed the opinion that patents
were unnecessary for them an a voluntary acknowledgement
would be adequate, and they also felt patents might delay
releases. In contrast, it was suggested compensation by
both public institutions and private breeders was necessary
to pay for research and this necessitates a paten system.
The term uniqueness, used in Question 6, as a basis for
a new variety caused considerable complaint. This term was
agreed on at the discussion at Davis on plant patents. It
may have more meaning in the flower seed trade than for
vegetables, and certainly a new vegetable will not sell
if its unique character is of no economic value. However,
the term uniqueness implies that the variety is different
from any other which is necessary for a patent to be granted.
It appears that protection is desired but not necessarily
by means of patents, that government regulation must definitely
be avoided and germ plasm exchange not be hindered, and
in conclusion it appears that public and private breeders
have a very similar outlook.
2. Hermaphroditism in Asparagus
L.C. Peirce
University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H.
In 1964 Peirce and Currence reported on a genetic study
of perfect flowering in several asparagus crosses. The simplest
interpretation was not placing genes for this trait on the
X chromosomes. Similar crosses since that time have yielded
generally comparable data. However, in the original studies
and in subsequent work there were enough inconsistencies
to dictate caution in interpretation.
Cytogenic work in Germany by Brigitte Zilm and by H.Beeskow
has recently identified the probable sex chromosomes (XY)
as a satellite pair No. 10. All perfect flowering types
investigated appeared to the XY or YY, not XX. On this cytogenetic
basis, the genetic data suggest certain XX or YY types to
be inviable, according to Zilm, due to structural changes
in the Satellite. Investigation of such structural changes
and of their relationship with disturbed genetic ratios
would require genetic markers not now available. Tests in
New Hampshire with marker genes governing stem color and
pollen/berry color have shown independence from the sex
chromosomes. Useful markers are not plentiful in this species.
Regardless of the clouded cytogenetic and genetic picture,
perfect flowering can be exploited, particularly in inbreeding.
Development of superior all male Hybrids is still a possibility,
although instability of the sex expression may be a problem
not only in the resulting hybrid but also in parental lines.
Literature Cited
- Peirce, L.C. and T.M. Currence. 1962. Proc. Amer. Soc.
Hort. Sci.80: 368-376.3
- Beeskow, H.1967. Z. Pflanzenzuchtg 57:254-283.
- Zilm, Brigitte. 1966. Z. Pflanzenzuchtg 56:1-26.
3. Method for Estimating Chipping Quality of Single Potato
Tubers
B.B. Chubey
Research Station, Morden, Manitoba, Canada
A method for evaluating chipping quality using filter paper
discs saturated with potato juice has been developed at
the Morden Research Station. Tubers are cut longitudinally
and a filter paper disc is inserted between tow cut surfaces
of each tuber. The tow parts are pressed together firmly
to ensure complete saturation of the filter paper. The moistened
discs are fried in a deep fat fryer. The color of the fried
discs is remarkably similar to that of actual chips. A correlation
of + .929 was obtained between the L values of chips and
fried filter paper discs from corresponding tubers. This
new method offers a rapid evaluation of chipping quality
of single tubers while retaining the tubers in viable form.
Sample identification is simplified by directly writing
on the filter paper discs.
4. An Amphidiploid Brassica Nigra x B. Oleracea (n= 17)
O.H. Pearson
Cornell University, Ithaca New York
Interest in the possibility of finding a cytoplasmic male
sterile in other crops than corn, carrot, onion and pepper
has been keen for a number of years. The concept that this
results form a cytoplasm-genome interaction appears well
founded. About 6 years ago at SRS Seeds in Hollister, California,
the above cross was made. The F1 was completely
sterile, no metaphase plates were found, degeneration apparently
occurring in the early prophase stages. Several of the F1
plants were treated with colchicine, and branches of tetraploid
tissue located by guard cell measurements. These were crossed
with broccoli, with varying degrees of success. From one
of these progenies, a stable, highly self fertile population
emerged, which Dr. C.M. Rick found to be a n=17 line. It
is not a backcross to broccoli.
Brassica carinata is described on taxonomic grounds
as being the naturally occurring amphidiploid of this hybrid.
However there is no way at the moment for determining the
cytoplasm in B. carinata, -- it could have been
from a B. oleracea plant. Thus this material with
known cytoplasm may be useful in establishing B. Oleracea
types with B. nigra cytoplasm. Fully fertile, stable
broccoli, cabbage, and brussels sprouts can be derived after
not more than two backcrosses with strong selection pressure.
The plant is weed-like, vigorous, with dark green, lobed,
hairy leaves, annual habit, and with good fertility will
grow over six feet tall. it could be a noxious weed. The
pods are spreading small Brassica type with long valved
ovaries and a short style. IT is highly self fertile, and
emasculation must be complete when crosses are attempted.
Seed of this material is available to interested breeders
on request.
5. A Green Stem Mutation in Sweet Pepper
E. A. Kerr
Horticultural Research Institution of Ontario, Vineland
Station, Canada
The seedlings of most pepper cultivars have considerable
anthocyanin in the hypocotyl. In the spring of 1968 a breeding
line, Vineland 68-72, was observed to have colored and green
hypocotyls in the ratio of 3:1. This indicates a simple
recessive mutation although the appropriate crosses have
not been made. The line produces a large plant with sparse
foliage. The fruits are rather small, pointed, pendant,
green ripening to red, and have very thick walls. The line
is probably not sufficiently productive for commercial production
but the mutation may be useful in genetic studies or as
marker. Seed was saved from a plant showing this mutation
and is available on request.
6. A Note on the Use of Acridine Compounds For Plant Breeders
O.H. Pearson and G.R. Fink
Cornell University, Ithaca New York
In continuing studies of the instability of fruit form
in Butternut squash during 1968, an exploratory test was
grown using acridine compounds. These materials have been
used in preventing the replication of certain extra-chromosomal
types of DNA, especially the sex factors, in bacterial cells.
(Hirota, Y. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 46:57-64). We do not know
of nay successful attempts to use these materials on plants.
Seed of Butternut was germinated at room temperature on
towel paper, wet only as needed with fresh solutions of
Acriflavine HCl ranging from 0.1mg/1 to 50 mg/l, or with
ACridine Orange from 50 mg/l to 200mg/l. for a period of
seven days. the seedlings at this time were expanding their
cotyledons and lateral roots were developing. A slight toxicity
was shown in the strongest solution of acriflavine HCl.
They were then planted in soil in 2 x 2" bands, and
watered only with appropriate solutions for 20 days when
they were set in the field. Control plants were similarly
grown and handled, watered with tap water.
A series planted directly in soil and watered until filed
planting with either 250 mg/l of acriflavine HCl or 500
mg/l Acridine Orange was similarly grown in the same greenhouse
as the others and similar tap water control was provided.
Because this was an exploratory test, populations were
small, ranging from 47 to 84 plants per treatment. Statistical
analysis of the treated block of eight levels of treatments
or materials compared to the control block did show differences
significant at the 3% level.
Our reason for this prompt and possibly premature description
of methods is to bring before breeders as possible tool
in unraveling the inheritance in some of the twilight areas
in plant breeding. Apparently the acridine compounds are
not highly toxic to plants, and at least in this material,
if presented during the early growth stages may be active
within the plant. In bacteria there is no evidence that
these chemicals are mutagenic.
7. Predicting Nature of Pericarp from Texture of the Cob
Glumes
Stuart N. Smith, Consultant
808 E. Lincoln Way, Rte. # 2, Ames, Iowa 50010
Breeders are constantly seeding any means which will allow
them to forecast desirable characteristics from visible
factors on the parents. Pericarp tenderness in sweet corn
at advanced stages is especially important to breeders producing
varieties for fresh market or garden use. This is because
processors usually harvest their varieties at the ideal
stage for tenderness, assuming the variety has developed
far enough to make harvest at that stage profitable. Fresh
corn and especially garden corn is often harvested as long
as the crop is edible; therefore, enduring pericarp tenderness
is very important here. Several years of studying correlation
of the cob chaff and the tenderness at advanced maturity
indicate a good degree of correlation. When the glumes on
the cob are very soft when shelling the seed ears, the progeny
tend to be free from harsh, tough, objectionable pericarp.
This was noticed at first in pure lines along with the reverse
situation that rough, heavy chaff showed up the following
year in tough pericarp at advanced stages.
Further work indicates that where tough and tender parents
are crossed, the segregates with soft chaff tend to have
more tender pericarp than those with harsh, heavy cob glumes.
This allows for some basis for discarding sister lines out
of segregating progenies before they are planted.
8. High Tomatine Tomato Breeding Lines
J.C. Gilbert and N. Mohanakumaran
University of Hawaii, Honolulu
The alkaloid, tomatine, occurs in higher concentration
sin the roots of bacterial wilt resistant tomato lines selected
in the tomato breeding program in Hawaii than in the B.W.
susceptible lines. THe pathogen, Pseudomonas solanacearum,
is inhibited but not killed by 450 ppm of tomatine in
vitro. The roots (gross tissue) or resistant lines
show well over 400 ppm and tend to increase their tomatine
content following infection with this bacteria. Roots of
susceptible varieties have only 100-300 ppm of tomatine.
Older plants exceed 1,000ppm of tomatine in the roots. Bacterial
wilt susceptible plants allow their tomatine content to
drop following infection and soon die. During hot weather
(88°F - 92°F ) at low elevations in Hawaii the bacterial
wilt resistance seems to be less effective than at higher
elevations or during 70-80°F winter seasons at low elevations.
It has been observed that when a plant in a bacterial wilt
resistant line dies of this disease in hot weather, its
tomatine content has first declined rapidly for some reason.
This resistance to bacterial wilt is now being used by growers
in ares with 60-85° F weather and includes the use of
high tomatine selections for rootstocks. These are grafted
with scions from the popular multiple resistant F1
hybrids to produce plats with a combination of bacterial
wilts resistance and resistance to eight other diseases
plus hybrid vigor.
The high tomatine lines are available in true breeding
combinations now with added resistance to rot knot, Fusarium
wilt (race 1), Stemphylium solani and Spotted wilt
virus (SW-1). Spider mite resistance was added to some of
the high tomatine, bacterial wilt tolerant lines this year
and this available in a determinate plant type (Hawaii 7526).
Three distinct levels of true breeding bacterial wilt resistance
were observed here in the B.W. breeding program. H.E.S 7526
has an intermediate level of B.W. resistance and was derived
from a cross with the spider mite-root knot resistant variety
"Kalohi." There is evidence that the highest tomatine
levels are associated with resistance to other root pathogens
here in addition to bacterial wilt.
The original source of this material included Hawaii 5808-2,
a selection made after eight generations of tests with L.
pimpinellifolium P.I. 127805A
9. Another Device for the Collection and Application of
Tomato Pollen
H.M. Munger
Plant Breeding Department, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York
Angell and Robbins (V.I.N. 10:10) described the use of
gelatin capsules for the collection, storage and application
of tomato pollen in making artificial cross pollinations.
They suggested that glass vials would be superior to gelatin
capsules if some of suitable size could be found.
During the past few months we have been using pollen collection
tubes which have the advantages of glass vials some additional
advantages. These are made from plastic hypodermic syringes
of mean milliliter size. The end of the syringe is cut off
in order to make the diameter uniform. The plastic can be
cut readily if it is heated slightly. This modified syringe
thus becomes equivalent to a small capsule or vial with
a moveable bottom. The capacity can be increased by withdrawing
the plunger, and small amounts of pollen adhering to the
inside of the device can be pushed to the end by plunger
and used very efficiently in making pollinations.
We have used a separated collector for each male parent
and labeled it with a gummed label. The collectors are stored
in a tightly-covered glass jar with plugged the ends with
cotton but it would be more satisfactory to have a closure
that would go on the outside of the tube. We have not yet
found the right sort of cap for doing this.
On seeing this device Dr. C. Petrescu, who has done some
hybridization of tomatoes in Romania, remarked that he had
not made something very similar by using a short piece of
glass tubing with cotton on the end of a matchstick as a
plunger.
10. Nature of Mutations in Tomato Floral Work
T.O. Graham
University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario
Three new floral colors have been located at Guelph. The
first two are Pasionato (Orange) and Kanatto (brown). The
third floral color has a distinct greenish tinge. This last
has bronzy-red fruit when the peel is yellow in color, and
purplish colored fruit when the peel is colorless or clear.
It was proven in 1967 that the intensity of floral color
could be used as marker in the field to indicate the intensity
of colors in the fruit. (Bali, Graham and Zitnak).
This year an additional color was located, namely green
colored flowers which later run to brown. This new type
color is correlated with intense rich crimson in the flesh
of he fruit. It traces to line G-68-3 of the variety High
Crimson (V.I.N. 7:15). This stock from 1961 to 1967 had
yellow flowers. In the winter of 1967- 68 it mutated to
orange flower. In 1968 it mutated form orange to green flowers
which later turn to brown.
11. Valuable Tomato Types From Weslaco, Texas and Beaverlodge,
Alberta
T.O. Graham
University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario
The Cold Set, Outdoor seeder variety when field seeded
is limited to areas south of a line drawn from 20 miles
north of Montreal to 20 miles north of Perry Sound, Ontario.
Earlier maturing varieties are being developed by Dr. R.E.
Harris, Beaverlodge Experiment Station in the Peace River
district of Alberta, based on selection for rapid branching
and fruiting on the lower nodes. After two generations of
selection beginning in 1962 for these characters in the
Beaverlodge line 48-2111-B at Guelph, 20 plants of 50 observed
had three or fewer leaves below the first fruiting truss.
The first and second truss on many plants aborted. Earliness
in these stocks may be due to such heavy branching and fruiting
on the lower nodes that apical dominance on the main stem
is weakened. The energy of the plant is suppressed, resulting
in a new type of overall ripening. Paste-type varieties
from Weslaco, Texas, which bear heavily on the lower branches,
provide excellent fruit coverage and ripen quickly once
they start, were crossed with the Beaverlodge (B E S) strains.
These Texas stocks set freely under both high and low temperatures.
Eight lines of B E S origin and five progenies of Texas
crosses are available and have already been widely sampled.
These are:
| Beaverlodge Lines |
Date first ripe |
1. B E S 52-03 x Bounty (48-2111-A)
Chanasyk Early |
Aug. 3 |
2. B E S 52-03 x Bounty (48-2111-B) |
Aug. 9 |
3. B E S 56-1 (48-17-1221) |
Aug. 8 |
4. B E S 6703 (56-1 / Fireball x 56-1) |
Aug. 10 |
5. B E S 6709 (Fireball / 56-1 x Fireball) |
Aug. 12 |
6. B E S 6713 (Fireball x 56-1 / 56-1) |
100% ripe Aug. 17 |
7. B E S 6714 (Fireball x 56-1 / 56-1) |
100% ripe Aug. 17 |
8. B E S 6715 (Fireball x 56-1 / 56-1) |
100% ripe Aug. 17 |
| F1 material from
crosses made at Guelph |
Date first ripe |
9. Texas W229S67 x ( B E S 56-1 -
48-17-1221) |
Aug. 11 |
10. Texas La Pinta x " " |
Aug. 20 |
11. Texas La Bonita x " " |
Aug. 13 |
12. Texas TT151 x ( B E S 56-1 - 48-17-1221) |
Aug. 13 |
13. Texas W231S67 x ( B E S 56-1 -
48-17-1221) |
Aug. 11 |
Checks |
Cold Set Aug. 20 |
|
Fireball Aug. 24 |
Full details regarding this material, and seed samples,
can be secured by writing Dr. Graham for a copy of the mimeograph
from which this abstract was prepared. (O.H. Pearson)
12. The Role of the Plant Introduction Service in Filling
Requests for Seed Samples By Breeders in Other Countries
W. C. Barnes
Clemson University Truck Experiment Station, Charleston,
S.C.
Plant breeders owe a debt of gratitude to the Plant Introduction
section of the U.S.D.A. Their work can be aided and breeders'
efforts to send seed abroad simplified by using the services.
Plant Introduction uses contacts in other countries to obtain
seed for U.S. breeders and the more contacts they have the
better. It is easier for them to get samples to breeders
abroad as postal authorities, stick fingers, et al., are
more likely to send an official U.S. government communication
to its proper destination.
As each new variety or genetic source becomes available
for distribution we at the Clemson Truck Station send a
small lot to Mrs. M.L. Haines, USDA Plant Inspection Station,
14th & Independence Ave.,S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250.
When requests are received for seed they are forwarded to
Mrs. Haines. This is time and expense saving to us and gives
Plant Introduction a name that is indebted to them hence
more likely to help when something is needed from that part
of the globe.
Perhaps a brief description of the seed stock would be
of help. Plant Introduction frequently forwards requests
to us for seed of varieties we did not develop because they
do not have a list.
13. Help Your Committee By Using Simple Names
W.C. Barnes
Clemson University Truck Experiment Station, Charleston,
S.C.
The ASTA-ASHS Vegetable Variety List has made great progress
in the relative short period it has been operating. Most
of the new varieties are being submitted promptly and many
of the old ones are being added.
There has been a marked improvement in names. The two committees
urged, and at times used a little brow beating, to largely
eliminate the long names so prevalent in the not too distant
past. Most names are now short, simple, easy to spell and
usually one word. Dropping of the "hybrid" as
a part of a variety name has also been widely accepted.
The request that firm or institutional names not be used
as part of a variety name has gained considerable headway
but not universal acceptance. Commercial breeders have probably
been more cooperative than experiment station breeders.
The addition of "Siwash" to a variety name is
supposed to advertise the fact dear old "Siwash U."
developed it. This lengthens the name thereby taking more
time and space to write it and if the dear old U. releases
very many it adds to the confusion of names. The advertising
value is questionable since seed catalogs, etc., state who
developed the public releases. If the variety gains acceptance
most growers know who did the job, and on the other hand
so many of our "children" die in infancy there
are a lot of tombstones with dear ole Siwash on them to
remind everyone we did not succeed.
There have been intimations on the part of control officials
that if the naming muddle was not straightened out voluntarily
there would be regulatory control. This we definitely wish
to avoid; thus it behooves public as well as private plant
breeders to accept the ASTA-ASHS Committee recommendations
that firm, institutional, nick or trade names not be used
as part of a variety name.
14. Release Procedures for Vegetable Varieties
H.M. Munger
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Of the many vegetable varieties named and released each
year from both public and private sources, a few attain
large volume and continuing distribution by the entire vegetable
seed industry. Others, of course, drop by the wayside rather
quickly with few regrets from anyone except the originator.
Between these extremes are varieties that serve a useful
purpose in limited areas of adaptation or meet special market
needs, Such a variety often cannot be handled economically
by more than a few seedsmen, and if released to the seed
trade generally by a public plant breeder, it may be unprofitable
to everyone and dropped completely. The identical variety
developed privately would have a much greater chance of
success, because initially the originator would have the
entire market for it, and it is not so likely to be multiplied
by other seedsmen until demand for it is established.
Public breeders, including myself, have mostly adhered
to a policy of unrestricted release of our varieties to
the vegetable seed trade, and I still favor doing this if
there appears to be a reasonable chance of sufficient usage
of the variety. Even though predictions about the future
of any variety at the time of its release are notoriously
risky, there are a good many varieties for which we can
be quite sure that the volume is unlikely to be very great,
at least initially. For such varieties a restricted release
may be in the best interest of the seed trade, the originator,
and , most importantly, the prospective user. The Oregon
Agricultural Experiment Station has recently announced a
policy for restricted release of varieties "that will
have little or no chance of success if released and distributed
on an unrestricted basis,...." They invited companies
to submit proposals to obtain and exclusive release agreement
for Fortune Tall Fescue. This is a pattern of release that
deserves careful study by vegetable breeders.
Stimulated by this example we have been developing a similar
proposal for the release of certain vegetable varieties
developed by the New York State College of Agriculture at
Cornell University. Its main features include:
(1) Determination that the best interests of all concerned
would be served best by restricted release of a certain
variety.
(2) Giving seedsmen an opportunity to submit proposals
for obtaining exclusively the foundation seed of the variety
for an introductory period of years.
(3) Acceptance by the College of the proposal considered
most likely to result in success for the variety, based
on a company's interest in the variety, its willingness
to assume some risks in multiplying it before demand is
known, ability to obtain broadly-based trials by growers,
and intent to promote the variety.
(4) Release to other seedsmen of non-pedigree seed for
trial and breeding purposes and eventually a general offering
of foundation seed if sufficient demand developed.
Basically this proposal aims to give seedsmen the same
incentive to develop a market for a publicly developed variety
that he would have for his own. An additional feature is
that it should also give some reward for effort put into
pre-release trials of prospective new varieties, those companies
conducting the best trials being the most likely to have
enough first-hand knowledge to present acceptable proposals
for the better varieties.
15. Uncatalogued Vegetable Varieties Available for Trial
in 1969
This list is aimed at facilitating the exchange of information
about potential new varieties, or new varieties which have
not yet appeared in catalogues. Persons conducting vegetable
variety trials who wish seed of items on this list should
request samples from the sources indicated.
It is the responsibility of the person sending out seed
to specify that it is for trial only, or any other restriction
he may want to place on its use.
Crops are listed alphabetically. For each entry the following
information is given: Designation, source of trial samples,
outstanding characteristics, variety suggested for comparison
(not given separately if mentioned in description), status
of variety (preliminary trial, advanced trial, to be released,
or released) and contributor of information if different
from source of trial samples. Where several samples are
listed consecutively from one source, the address is given
only for the first.
- Bean
- Nebr. 65-2-75. Dermot P. Coyne. Dept. of Horticulture
and Forestry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
68503. High tolerance to the bacterial disease, common
blight, caused by Xanthomonas phaseoli. Compare
with Great Northern Nebr. #1 and G.N. U1 #59. This
line was superior in yield to the standard varieties
G.N. Nebr. #1 and G.N. U1 #59 in trials in western
Nebraska. The line matures about 5-7 days later than
these varieties. It possesses high tolerance to common
blight. To be released.
- Nebr. 65-4-63. Dermot P. Coyne. Moderately high
tolerance to the common blight disease caused by Xanthomonas
phaseoli. This line has performed well in trials
in western Nebraska for 3 years and is about equal
in yield to the standard varieties, matures about
the same time as G.N. Nebr. #1. Compare with G.N.
U1 #59 or G.N. Nebr. #1. To be released.
- Nebr. 67-101 (Snap Bean). Dermot P. Coyne. Good
pod set under high temperature regimes. Erect plant
habit with pods borne high. Good concentrated set
and productive. Nice external and internal pod color.
66-68 days to canning. Round pods. Tendercrop type.
White seed. Advanced trial.
- Manoa Wonder. R.W. Hartmann, Dept. of Horticulture,
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. Resistant
to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), pole
type, pods flat, 7 inches long, strings. Parents:
Hawaiian Wonder x Alabama No. 1. Compare with Hawaiian
Wonder. Released 1968. Small samples available for
trial.
- Carrot
- (MSU 1558 x MSU 5931) x MSU 9541. L.R. Baker, Dept.
of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
Mich. 48823. Processing type, uniform, high color
and quality. Compare with Danvers 126. To be released.
(C.E. Peterson)
- Celery
- Beacon (Trial No. 65-8). O.H. Pearson, Dept. of
Plant Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850.
Resistant to magnesium deficiency, slower in becoming
pithy and more uniform than Utah 52-70. (H.M. Munger)
To be released.
- Cucumber
- MSU 8821 (Pickling cucumber). L.R. Baker, Horticulture
Dept., Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich.
48823. Gynoecious, SMR, resistance to anthracnose;
concentrated high fruit count per plant for high population
and mechanical harvest, black spined. Compare with
Piccadilly and other Northern hybrids.
- Meridian. O.H. Pearson, Plant Breeding Dept., Cornell
Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850. High resistance to scab
and mosaic, vigorous and productive, dark green slicer.
F1 hybrid of Tablegreen 68 (i.e. gynoecious
and scab resistant Tablegreen) x Marketmore. To be
released. (H.M. Munger)
- 37-35-8. Paul Thomas, Peto Seed Co., Inc. P.O. Box
4206, Saticoy, Calif. 93003. Dark green slicer, gynoecious,
tolerance to mosaic and downy mildew. Compare with
Gemini 7. Preliminary trial.
- 55-1-8. Peto Seed Co. Strong, vigorous vine, gynoecious
slicer, tolerance to mosaic and downy mildew. Compare
with Early Surecrop. Preliminary trial.
- Muskmelon
- Hybrid 8. C.M. Jones, Horticulture Dept., Purdue
University, Lafayette, Indiana 47907. Very early,
smooth rind, small, good quality. Will not stand shipping.
Compare with Supermarket. Preliminary trial. (R.S.
Grenard)
- CMV Resistant Hybrids. O.H. Pearson, Plant Breeding
Dept., Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850. High
quality and moderate CMV resistance combined with
fair exterior appearance. Compare with Eastern varieties.
About 6 hybrids are available in limited amounts for
small trials. Two of these have powdery mildew resistance.
Preliminary trial. (H.M. Munger)
- Pepper
- Anaheim M. Peto Seed Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4206, Saticoy,
California 93003. Anaheim Chili type for better uniformity
and fruit length, for fresh market. Moderately pungent.
Compare with Anaheim Select and College 6-4. To be
released. (Paul Thomas)
- Pimiento L. Peto Seed Co. Larger fruits, thicker
flesh than Pimiento Select, more compact habit, good
foliage cover. Does well in warm interior regions.
To be released. (Paul Thomas)
- Mercury. Peto Seed Co. TMV Bell type, slightly shorter
plant than KRG, large uniform mostly 4-lobed fruit.
Compare with Keystone Resistant Giant. To be released.
(Paul Thomas)
- Vinette (P63-36). E.A. Kerr, Horticultural Research
Institute of Ontario, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada.
Vineland season, but has larger and heavier fruit.
Described in the "Report Horticultural Research
Institute of Ontario for 1967." Commercially
available.
- MSU 100-1 (Bell Pepper, Sweet). S. Honma, Horticulture
Dept., Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich.
48823. TMV resistant, medium maturity. Compare with
California Wonder or Yolo Wonder. Advanced trial.
- MSU 122-1 (Bell Pepper, Sweet) S. Honma. TMV resistant.
Early mid-season. Compare with Yolo Wonder, Keystone
Resistant Giant. Advanced trial.
- Southern Pea
- Queen Anne (Virginia 61-5 Blackeye). W.H. Brittingham,
Virginia Truck Experiment Station, P.O. Box 2160,
Norfolk, Va. 23501. Early, bush type, pods bunched,
concentrated bearing. Compare with Princess Anne and
Mekan. To be released.
- Sweet Corn
- Introduced by E.A. Kerr, Horticultural Research
Institute of Ontario, Vineland Station, Ontario. Described
in the report of this station for 1967. Commercially
available: Hybrids - Polarvee (VH-631) Several Days
earlier than Spancross; Buttervee (VH-632) In season
with Sunnyvee hybrid; Marketvee (VH-637) In season
with Gold Cup
- Ultrasweet. Stuart N. Smith, Consultant, Sweet Corn
Genetic Service, 808 E. Lincoln Way, Rte. #2, Ames,
Iowa 50010. Maximum pericarp tenderness but retains
its crispness when processed. Responds well to thick
planting and narrow row spacing. Compare with Jubilee.
Advanced trial.
- Ultratender. Stuart N. Smith. Produces high yields
of top quality cut corn for processing and also attractive
ears for fresh corn. Ultratender has an unusually
good root system. This insures against damage from
root lodging or periods of drought and other stress
conditions. Compare with Jubilee. Advanced trial.
- Tomato
- Diamond State. E.P. Brasher, Plant Science Dept.,
University of Delaware, Newark, Del. 19711. Highly
productive, crack and fusarium wilt resistance and
concentrated ripening. May serve as an interim variety
for mechanical harvesting until better varieties are
developed. Compare with Heinz 1350. To be released.
- Scarlet Beauty (hybrid). W.H. Lachman, Plant and
Soil Sciences Dept., University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Mass. 01003. Uniformly developed smooth,
firm, evenly ripening fruit about 6 ounces in weight.
In season with Cardinal Hybrid. The indeterminate
plants are resistant to both fusarium and verticillium
wilt diseases. Produce good crops under flat culture
or when trained up on stakes. A very limited number
of trial seed samples available.
- Redman (hybrid). W.H. Lachman. Description same
as above. In trial for 4 years. A very limited number
of trial seed samples are available.
- ST-11. J.G. Metcalf, Smithfield Experimental Farm,
Box 340, Trenton, Ontario. High crimson, determinate,
good structure and quality. Compare with Heinz 1350.
Advanced trial.
- Early Cherry. O.H. Pearson, Plant Breeding Dept.,
Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850. Extreme earliness
(2-3 weeks earlier than Fireball), small plant, fruit
accepted for pint-basket packs in New York. Compare
with Early Salad. Released.
- Sunset. L.C. Peirce, Plant Science Dept., University
of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H. 03824. High yield,
large fruit size, medium early, smooth globe fruit
shape. Fresh market. Adapted to Northern areas free
of serious verticillium infestation. (formerly designated
UNH-11-67) Compare with Starfire (maturity). To be
released.
- CR 1324. Paul Thomas, Peto Seed Co., Inc. P.O. Box
4206, Saticoy, California 93003. Elongated or half
long mechanical harvest type. Resistant to verticillium
and fusarium wilts. Held up well for water mold. Compare
with Heinz 1350. To be released.
- VFN Bush. Peto Seed Co. Determinate, mechanical
harvest fresh market tomato. Resistant to verticillium,
fusarium wilts and root-knot nematode. Compare with
Earlypak or VF-145 B types. To be released. Successfully
machine harvested and shipped in 1968 from King City,
Calif.
- 6427 VFN. Peto Seed Co. Medium large fruit. Resistance
to verticillium and fusarium wilts and root-knot nematode.
Compare with Indian River. Advanced trial.
- 6428 VFN. Peto Seed Co. Large fruit. Resistance
to verticillium and fusarium wilts and root-knot nematode.
Compare with Manalucie. Advanced trial.
- 6515- Peto Seed Co. Medium large fruit. Resistance
to verticillium and fusarium wilts and root-knot nematode.
Compare with Manapal. Advanced trial.
- Mecheast 22. Peto Seed Co. Elongated or half long
Eastern mechanical harvest type. Resistant to verticillium
and fusarium. Compare with H-1350. To be released.
- Mecheast 55. Peto Seed Co. Elongated or half long
Eastern mechanical harvest type. Resistant to verticillium
and fusarium wilts. Compare with H-1350. To be released.
- Introduced by E.A. Kerr, Horticultural Research
Institute of Ontario, Vineland Station, Ontario. See
report of this station for 1967. Commercially available:Veecrop
(V-6512). Galaxy season, processing and market. Verticillium
resistant; Vendor (V-656). Red, compact type for greenhouse.
TM-1 resistance; Vivid - resembles 'Earliest of All'
but is uniform and is pink. Adapted to staking; Pink
Vogue - resembles Vogue but is pink. Adapted to staking.
- Watermelon
- Hybrid 19. C.M. Jones, Horticulture Dept., Purdue
University, Lafayette, Indiana 47907. Seedless, good
quality, round, high yield. Compare with Crimson Sweet.
(R.S. Grenard)
- 18-5-4 (hybrid). Peto Seed Co., Inc. P.O. Box 4206,
Saticoy, Calif. 93003. Very early icebox type. High
yielding, good uniform sizes, small seeded. Compare
with Early Midget. Preliminary trial.
- Germplasm Release
- Tablegreen 68 cucumber. O.H. Pearson, Plant Breeding
Dept., Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850. Homozygous
gynoecious, scab and mosaic resistant, uniformly dark
green slicer. Bred by backcrossing gynoecious flowering
into Tablegreen 65 which in turn was derived from
5 backcrosses to Tablegreen. Compare with Tablegreen
65. Released as a parent for hybrids. (H.M. Munger)
- Tablegreen 66. O.H. Pearson. Scab and mosaic resistance,
dark uniform green fruit, longer than Tablegreen but
later and less productive. Derived from the same series
of backcrosses to Tablegreen as those that gave Tablegreen
65, this progeny is distinctly longer than Tablegreen.
Released as a parent for hybrids. (H.M. Munger)
- Squash (C. pepo). O.H. Pearson. Progenies
segregating for male sterility with type similar to
Early Prolific Straightneck. (H.M. Munger)
- Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
- GL - B. R.E. Foster, University of Arizona Experiment
Station, P.O. Box 631, Mesa, Ariz. 85201. Carries
two marker genes, glabrous and yellow-green. One or
both seedling markers provide basis for system of
producing and using F1 hybrid muskmelons
in large field plantings. Yellow-green especially
adapted to mechanical thinning. Compare with PMR 45.
Released germ plasm.
- GL - A. R.E. Foster. Carries glabrous marker gene.
Use of seedling marker in seed parent is basis for
system of producing and using F1 hybrid
muskmelons in large field plantings. Compare with
PMR 45. Released germ plasm.
- Sweet Corn. E.A. Kerr, Horticultural Research Institute
of Ontario, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada. Twenty-eight
inbreds ranging in maturity from 59 to 86 days to
half silk were released. High eating quality was the
major objective during selection. Productivity, white
internal silk color, high row number and disease resistance
also received considerable attention. Descriptions
of the inbreds are published in the "Report Horticultural
Research Institute of Ontario for 1967." Available
from E.A. Kerr.
16. Stocks Desired
- Glossy Brassicas. Dwarf and determinate cucurbits.
D.W. Denna, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
80521.
- 'Jewett' - white pea bean sold by Billy Hepler Seed
Co. in 1950. Please contact Prof. E.M. Meader, RD 2, Box
515, Rochester, N.H. 03867.
- Pepper - Sweet bell shaped varieties resistant to Potato
Y virus, tobacco etch virus, and cucumber mosaic virus
are needed in Southern United States. H.Y. Ozaki, Chairman,
Southern Cooperative Sweet Pepper Variety Trials, Indian
River Field Laboratory, P.O. Box 248, Ft. Pierce, Florida
33450.
