Vegetable Improvement Newsletter
No. 12, February 1970
Compiled by H.M. Munger, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
1. Presence of Third Strain of Lima Bean Downy Mildew
R.E. Wester
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md.
A third strain (strain "C") of downy mildew
of lima beans (Phytophthora phaseoli, Thaxt.) was
discovered in the fall of 1969 on G 1 bush lima beans at
Elmer, New Jersey. This was the area where the "B"
strain was discovered about 10 years ago and where the "A"
strain has always occurred. This could be the area where
downy mildew first originated. When G 1 and G 2 baby lima
bean lines were grown in many other areas in New Jersey,
Maryland, and Delaware where Thaxter became infected with
downy mildew strain B of the fungus, was developed to replace
Thaxter. Since Thaxter had a life-span of about 10 years
before strain B became widely spread, G 1, which will be
released early in 1970, should also have a life expectancy
of about 10 years.
2. Newer Baby Limas
R.E. Wester
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md.
Five new green-seeded lima bean lines [ 568 BG (NJ 698),
668 BG (NJ 699), 868 BG (NJ 6910), 968 BG (NJ 6911), and
1168 BG (NJ 6912)] were increased in 1969 by Joseph Steinke
of the South Jersey Experiment Station, Bridgeton, and tested
at Georgetown, Delaware; Bridgeton, New Jersey; and Beltsville,
Maryland. These lines, resistant to downy mildew strains
A and B, are earlier, shorter, and with greener seed coats
and cotyledons than Thaxter, Early Thorogreen, G 1, and
G 2. Since the beans mature at one time, these lines are
well adapted for mechanical harvesting. All are vigorous
germinators.
3. Newer Fordhook Lines
R.E. Wester
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md.
Three new green seeded Fordhook lines, U.S. 169G, U.S.
269G, and 369G, resistant to downy mildew strains A and
B were increased by Joe Steinke of South Jersey Experiment
Station in 1969. They were also tested at Seabrook, N.J.
and Beltsville, Maryland. These are earlier than Green Fordhook
861, are stronger germinators and have greener seed coats
and cotyledons. Since the pods mature at one time, these
lines are well adapted to mechanical harvesting.
4. Dover Bush - New Lima Bean Variety
R.E. Wester
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md.
DOVER BUSH baby lima bean was formally released to the
seed trade by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in January
1970. This variety is resistant to downy mildew strains
A and B. The parents of Dover Bush are Thaxter and Piloy.
Piloy (P.I. 189403) contributed resistance to downy mildew
strains A and B. Thaxter contributed resistance to the A
strain, green cotyledons, and light green seed coats.
Dover Bush was developed primarily to replace Thaxter which
is susceptible to the B strain of the downy mildew fungus
now widespread in the Middle Atlantic Coast area.
In the Middle Atlantic Coastal area Dover Bush is 5 to
10 days later than Thaxter, 20 to 30 percent larger with
a more extensive root system, and when planted at a lower
seeding rate of 20 to 30 percent than Thaxter with weeds
being controlled, this variety outyields Thaxter by 20 to
30 percent.
Under California conditions in 1969 Dover Bush showed considerable
more drought resistance as well as heat resistance than
Early Thorogreen and Thaxter.
The pods and beans of Dover Bush are similar to Thaxter.
The variety has been released to seed companies for stock
seed increase.
5. Progress in Sweet and Supersweet Corn Breeding for
the Tropics
James L. Brewbaker
Dept. of Horticulture, University of Hawaii 96822
The development in Hawaii of fresh corn germplasm adapted
to the tropics centers on the production of single cross
hybrids and of synthetic varieties. Conditions in Hawaii
have permitted rapid genetic advance in selection of stripe-
("mosaic") and blight-resistant lines with high
earworm resistance. Current tests annually involve about
300 sweet corn hybrids and 50 shrunken-2 hybrids, together
with about 25 varieties, composites or synthetics.
Hawaiian Hybrid H68, released in 1968, has shown wide general
adaptability and success throughout the warm tropics, and
has proved to be a superior hybrid in many of these tests.
Its limiting factors in certain areas include its blight,
smut, downy mildew, and rust susceptibility. H68 is in small-scale
commercial production in several countries. New releases
are planned in 1970 to supplement previous releases H38
(bantam type) and H68.
A complete list of composites and synthetics available
in Hawaii can be obtained from the author. These include
four shrunken-2 composites, 3 amylose-extender-waxy composites,
and 2 brittle-1 composites. Among these, the brittle-1 stocks
appear most promising in seed viability, while all have
been reasonably comparable in their quality and post-harvest
retention of sweetness (due to high sucrose levels). Most
of these composites have a vigorous Hawaiian Sugar background.
Additional stocks include floury-2 and opaque-2 converted
sugary-1 composites, as well as floury-2 converted inbreds
of Hawaiian Sugar origin. Also available are a Tms tropical
sweet composite, and some Ht composites (blight-resistant
gene, Ht1). Among a dozen sugary-1 stocks in
our program are 3 sources of Hawaiian Sugar, 2 synthetics
of evident superiority in quality and yield to the variety,
4 composites with blight resistance from different sources,
and one composite segregating for downy mildew resistance.
Plantings are made essentially every month of the year
in Hawaii, some in cooperation with contracting seedsmen
on the island of Molokai. Composites are thus advanced at
least two, and generally three generations each year. Excellent
results have been obtained in selecting for tenderness by
harvesting at fresh corn stage (about 70 days), bite-testing,
and drying selected ears for replanting. Recovery of satisfactory
tenderness (tropical standards) has been achieved in two
generations (selfing) from crosses with tropical flint stocks
like Guatemalan and Narino.
6. Excellent Source for Better Roots on Sweet Corn
Dr. Stuart N. Smith, Consultant
Sweet Corn Genetic Service, 808 E. Lincoln Way, Rte. #2,
Ames, Iowa 50010
Sweet corn has usually been more susceptible to root lodging
than field corn. This may be partly because the plants and
root systems are often smaller and partly because of intensive
work done by field corn people to overcome the problem.
A massive root system which resists lodging also helps to
increase drought resistance. With modern methods of harvesting
sweet corn, however, it is increasingly more important to
improve wind resistance after the commercial crop. Inbreds
which have high wind resistance after the tasseling stage
usually have a substantial surface root growth from the
first node or two above the ground as well as deep root
penetration.
The best source I have found for massive root development
of this type is the inbred N28, from the Nebraska Experiment
Station. In crosses with sweet corn it contributes well
filled ear tips, good tight husk protection, a tendency
toward two ears and, of course, exceptional roots. On the
negative side, it tends to produce tapering ears and a pericarp
tougher than most sweet corn. As a root source, however,
it may have some value in sweet corn with adequate backcrossing
and selection to recover texture and tenderness.
7. Aids for the Plant Breeder
W.R. Sitterly
Clemson University Truck Experiment Station, Charleston,
S.C.
Cucumbers: Difolatan, manufactured by Chevron Chemical
Company, has been cleared for use to control soil-borne
cucumber fruit rotting organisms. It should be applied in
the field at last cultivation and before vining begins.
Difolatan may be used at 2 lbs. of active ingredient in
as little as 25-30 gal. of water per acre. Cover the entire
soil area. Difolatan may also be used in the greenhouse
as a soil fungicide drench after planting, and as a bath
solution in which to submerge clay pots before they are
filled with soil and planted.
Benlate, manufactured by DuPont Chemical Company, is a
systemic fungicide which has not been cleared for commercial
use. Plant breeders, however, should find it a valuable
tool for controlling cucurbit powdery mildew, anthracnose,
and gummy stem blight. Benlate may be applied at 4 ounces
of active ingredient in as little as 25-30 gal. of water
per acre, and is far more effective with the addition of
a spreader or spreader-sticker. Two week intervals between
applications are routine, and at the Clemson Truck Station
this interval has been extended to three weeks. Generally
Benlate is ineffective against the obligate parasites such
as downy mildew.
In the greenhouse, Benlate is particularly effective in
controlling powdery mildew on plants maturing fruit for
seed or in just keeping any other cucurbit experiment clean
of powdery mildew.
8. Genetic Male Sterility in Onion
A. Andrasfalvy
Research Institute of Horticulture, Budapest, Hungary
During the search for cytoplasmic male sterility in Zittauer
onion maintained at the Research Institute of Horticulture,
Budapest by K. Csatari-Szuts, several male sterile individuals
were saved in 1959. This sterility proved to be stable in
subsequent years either in sister bulbs or in F2-
segregants derived from male fertile outcrosses of the original
male steriles. More than 150 test-crosses made during a
seven year period with different pollinators including several
varieties, yielded practically no male steriles, whereas
F2 and backcross generations gave the expected
Mendelian ratios. First in 1967 uniformly male sterile families
appeared in combinations of another male sterile plant selected
from a variety named "Valensiya" of a Russian
sample. Further tests made in 1968 and 1969 with male steriles
received from Dr. W.H. Gabelman proved that the male sterility
found in Zittauer is of genic nature, and the later found
type is identical with the cytoplasmic one used all over
the world in hybrid seed production. Testcrosses of Zittauer
pollinators derived from the original population revealed
a N ms ms genotype.
As a symbol it would be better to propose ms
for the genic male sterility, however, it is reserved for
the traditional nuclear gene interacting with cytoplasm
S (this gene should be rather named by the
Rf+ symbol), so it remains to choose the
ms-2.
The genic male sterility may be useful in a double cross
program e.g. as the mother line of the pollinator F1
parent especially if some linkage could be found with a
vegetable marker like glossy or different scale color.
9. Inheritance of Mottled Leaf in Cucurbita Moschata
Dermot P. Coyne
University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
Previous workers have reported that the mottled leaf character
in Cucurbita pepo and C. moschata was
controlled by a single dominant gene. Using C. moschata,
I studied the segregation for the mottled leaf trait in
the F2 generation derived from the reciprocal
crosses of the varieties New Hampshire Butternut x Hercules.
Hercules has mottled foliage while N.H. Butternut has normal
green foliage. There was considerable variation among plants
for the mottled leaf trait, ranging from severely mottled
to very slightly mottled. Previously workers in studying
other species did not mention and variation in the degree
of mottling in the segregating generations. In the F2
reported here, all plant possessing any degree of mottling
were counted in one group. A satisfactory fit to a 3:1 ratio
of plants with mottled or normal leaves indicated that this
trait was primarily controlled by a single dominant gene
but the variation in the F2 indicated that modifying
genes were also involved. This trait may be a useful genetic
marker.
10. Regulation of Flowering in Squash by Ethrel and Possible
Usefulness in Hybridization
Dermot P. Coyne
University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
Many workers have shown that Ethrel treatment influenced
the sex expression of cucumbers. An experiment was conducted
by the author to determine the effect of Ethrel sprays on
the expression of sex in Cucurbita moschata cv
New Hampshire Butternut. The following concentrations of
Ethrel were used, 50, 100, 250, and 500 ppm. The sprays
were applied when the first true leaf was about one inch
in diameter. Ethrel, 250 ppm, applied nine times at weekly
intervals caused the plants to produce only female flowers.
None of the other spray applications changed significantly
the female/male flower ratio. The number of fruit was significantly
increased under the repeated Ethrel spray treatment but
there was no significant difference in total yield between
any of the spray treatments and the control. Under the repeated
spray treatments the mean size of the fruit was reduced.
It was of interest to me to conduct this experiment because
it had been reported (HortScience 3: 272, 1968) that the
F1 between N.H. Butternut as female with crookneck
butternut, produced only regular butternut shape. I have
found a small number of crooknecks in the F1
between N.H. Butternut and the other crookneck types. Crookneck
is a serious rogue in Butternut squash and many stocks have
a high frequency of this type. I have also found that in
crosses between the small fruited N.H. Butternut x large
fruited Butternut that the F1 showed dominance
for large fruit size. I observed in 1969, no heterosis for
yield or components of yield in crosses between a small
number of Butternut cultivars. N.H. Butternut was one of
the cultivars used in these crosses. It is suggested that
the frequency of crooknecks in true large fruited butternut
types could be considerably reduced by developing F1's
between particular present large fruited types (unstable
for fruit shape) with the N.H. Butternut as female. Treatment
of plants with Ethrel could be used to develop all female
plants for use in crossing with selected pollinators.
11. Response of Cucurbits to Ethrel
R.W. Robinson, Thomas W. Whitaker and G.W. Bohn
Cornell University, Geneva, New York, and Crops Research
Division, ARS, LaJolla, California
A device or technique that has the possibility of altering
the timing of sex expression, and can be manipulated by
the plant breeder would have many advantages for experimental
work with cucurbitaceous crops. Ethrel (2-chloro-ethylphosphonic
acid), a growth regulator, inhibits the production of staminate
flowers. This capability if exploited properly should make
the production of hybrid seed of cucurbits less costly.
Also, where species crosses are desired, synchronization
of the flowering period of different species can be controlled
by the breeder. These are two of the useful possibilities
presented by this chemical; others will no doubt be found.
Studies at Geneva, New York, have demonstrated that hybrid
seed of monoecious cucumbers can be produced at low cost
with the aid of Ethrel. The female parent produces only
pistillate flowers for an extended period after treatment
with this growth regulator, and all open-pollinated seed
produced during this period is hybrid. This method of hybrid
seed production would be even more advantageous for other
cucurbits, which lack a genetic system for gynoecious sex
expression.
We have had promising results with squash. Studies at LaJolla,
California, of cultivars of Cucurbita pepo L.,
C. maxima Duch., C. moschata Poir., and
C mixta Pang. responded to 250 ppm applied in the
first true leaf stage by producing only pistillate flowers
at the first ten nodes. Genetic differences in response
were noted, with the most persistent effect occurring with
bush cultivars of C. pepo. A similar treatment
applied to andromonoecious cultivars of Cucumis melo
L. inhibited staminate flower production but did not induce
formation of pistillate flowers, although perfect flowers
were produced earlier than normal.
12. Experience with Excessive Activity in the Cotyledonary
Axils
T.O. Graham
Horticultural Science Dept., University of Guelph, Guelph,
Ontario
From 1949 to 1955 Professor V. Chanasyk was in charge of
tomato selection work at the Research Station, Beaverlodge
in the Sub-Arctic selection of Alberta. In 1963 he gave
seed of the selection Beaverlodge 48-17-1221 to the University
of Guelph. The parentage was as follows: (FARTHEST NORTH
x FARGO YELLOW PEAR) x FIRESTEEL x L3700. The L3700 is a
Research Station number from Ottawa, Ontario. It was selected
from a cross made at Ottawa, namely, FARTHEST NORTH x POLAR
CIRCLE. It underwent further selection at the C.D.A. Research
Station at Lethbridge, Alberta and when sent to Beaverlodge
from Lethbridge it carried the number L3700# 2.
In 1963 it was noted that many plants of this Beaverlodge
stock were branching in the axils of both cotyledons. It
was decided to see if this characteristic could be fixed.
As a result seed from plants displaying excess activity
in the cotyledonary axils was sown in the greenhouse in
the winter of 1967-68. Out of 50 plants 23 had branches
growing out of the axils of both cotyledons. In every case
except one these plants had four leaves above the cotyledons
before the first naked fruiting truss was reached on the
mainstem.
In 1968 seed was sown at Guelph from the plants which had
cotyledonary branching in 1967-68. In transplanting the
resulting plants to the open field, cotyledonary activity
was partially destroyed. Where maximum success is to be
obtained indoors one must sow the seed in pots and thin
out the seedlings to one plant per plot. It is necessary
outside to sow directly without transplanting. In both these
cases the cotyledons will not be damaged. Even where cotyledonary
activity is disturbed by transplanting the plants are more
uniform than those that trace back to the same seed source
but have not been selected for cotyledonary activity.
In the winter of 1968-69 a total of 55 plants were grown
indoors from seed harvested in 1968. Out of these, 25 plants
had strong branching in the axils of both cotyledons. These
had their first ripe fruit on an average of April 18. The
remaining 30 did not display cotyledonary activity and the
average for their first ripe fruit was April 24. Out of
the 25 plants there were 18 with only 2 naked clusters per
plant on the main stem. This makes it evident that in Beaverlodge
types one is dealing with an entirely new type of plant
and one in which the lower growth is so active that apical
dominance is inhibited and top growth is curtailed. This
allows the plant to ripen an abundance of fruit on the lower
branches near the ground level.
There is evidence that when the concentration of fruit
is close to the ground level earlier ripening will commence.
Also, concentrated ripening becomes rapid. In 1969, out
of 217 transplants of Sub-Arctic Delight, there was an average
of only 25.5 days per plant before the yield became 100%
ripe.
The seed harvested in 1968-69 from the 25 plants expressing
activity in the cotyledonary axils was sown in the greenhouse
on June 16, 1969. It was sown in 353 pots and was eventually
thinned down to 353 plants. Of these, 113 plants were on
the north side of the greenhouse. A total of 23 plants present
in this population expressed no activity in the cotyledonary
axils. This means that the inheritance is subject to environmental
control and that there is more than one gene controlling
the phenotype.
Several workers have shown that a count of the number of
branches as one goes from branch to branch up the main stem
of the plant will differ with differences in temperature.
There is a strong indication that the number of branches
present is under polygenic control. Part of the difference
between plants down the row in Ontario must be caused by
this polygenic response. It is likely then that the expression
of excessive branching in the cotyledonary axils is also
polygenic and is moving in concert. While activity in the
cotyledonary region may not contribute greatly to the stability
of response it certainly makes a valuable marker for extreme
earliness, and rapid overall ripening. It also helps in
the overcoming of apical dominance and contributes towards
smaller plants and increased population density. It will
contribute in Ontario towards obtaining plants which are
early enough for once-over harvesting. In fact, the only
hope that exists right now in short season areas for an
outdoor sown, machine-picking type is the fact that work
at the Sub-Arctic Stations, both at Beaverlodge and Fort
Vermilion, is of necessity driving the tomato plant closer
and closer to ground level.
Seed harvested from the previously mentioned 240 plants
formed the basis in 1969 of the new salad tomato namely,
Sub-Arctic Delight. Seed was also gathered from 300 plants
which were sown in April 29 and transplanted outdoors on
June 6. The average date of first ripening for all 300 plants
was August 3 as contrasted to Fireball on August 20.
From the standpoint of indoor pot culture, when seed was
sown in 1969 on May 21 and transplanted on June 11 the first
crop under glass was harvested on August 12. The crop was
completely ripe in three weeks and the plants discarded
on September 7. It is possible to have 3 indoor crops a
year.
13. Expression of Transference of Branching in the Cotyledonary
Axils When Transferred to a Normal Plant Type
T.O. Graham
Horticultural Science Dept., University of Guelph, Guelph,
Ontario
A cross was made at the University of Guelph between Guelph
#81 and CHANASYK EARLY from the University of California
which traces to 48-2111-A from the Research Station at Beaverlodge,
Alberta. This last mentioned variety when grown at Guelph
carries a percentage of plants present in any population
which have branching in the cotyledonary axils. The #81
in the cross traces back to six parents which are Pink Tanggula,
High Crimson, Earliest of All, Early Bird, Campbell #128,
and Filipino #2.
In the F2 from this cross out of 5 plants, 3
had branches in the cotyledonary axils. These were crossed
with the Kanatto variety. In the resulting F2
one plant out of five had branches in the cotyledonary axils.
Seed was saved from this plant and in the next or F3
generation, consisting of 10 plants, all had cotyledonary
activity in the axillary area. Seed was saved from these
in 1969 to make up the variety Crimson Sprinter. In this
case, as well as many others, the transference of excessive
activity in the cotyledonary axils has proved easy to accomplish.
It was found that plants of Crimson Sprinter have long
branches in the cotyledonary axils at times up to 4 1/2
feet. These, under conditions at Guelph, have a nutritional
advantage which causes the naked flowering clusters on the
upper part of the plant to abort.
Although the plants are not self-pruning in type the aborted
clusters give the plant a similar effect. It is an entirely
new type on plant in that it terminates its own growth like
self-pruning types but still has the normal three leaves
between the naked fruiting trusses on the main stem. For
this reason it carried good leaf protection. Those working
with mulches will be interested in how well the long axillary
branches, barely above ground level, anchor the mulch. The
fact also that the nutrient advantage held by the lower
branches is such that it aborts the flowers on the top growth
will not escape the attention of those advocating plant
pruning by either chemical or mechanical means.
14. Possible Correlation Between Earliness and the Proximity
of the Plant to Ground Level
T.O. Graham
Horticultural Science Dept., University of Guelph, Guelph,
Ontario
Sixteen stocks tracing to the Research Station at Beaverlodge,
Alberta, were tested for earliness. For a check the varieties
ROCKET, FIREBALL and COLD SET were used. It has been found
at Guelph that extreme earliness is often associated with
the proximity of the plant to ground level. This is denoted
by the number of leaves present as one goes up the plant
from ground level until the first naked fruiting truss on
the main stem is reached. Examples follow:
Average Number of Leaves
from the base of plant until first fruiting truss
is reached |
Number of different varieties
and stocks |
Number of Plants |
Average Date of First
Ripe Fruit |
3.8 |
1 |
20 |
July 28.1 |
4.0 |
1 |
5 |
July 30.0 |
4.6 |
1 |
126 |
Aug. 8.5 |
4.8 |
6 |
358 |
Aug. 3.4 |
4.9 |
1 |
5 |
Aug. 1.0 |
5.2 |
1 |
5 |
Aug. 2.0 |
5.4 |
1 |
5 |
Aug. 13.8 |
5.6 |
1 |
5 |
Aug. 10.8 |
5.8 |
3 |
15 |
Aug. 9.2 |
6.0 (Rocket) |
1 |
5 |
Aug. 5.8 |
7.0 (Cold Set) |
1 |
5 |
Aug. 18.6 |
7.2 (Fireball) |
1 |
5 |
Aug. 19.8 |
15. TMV-Resistance Breeding in Tomatoes
G. Meszoly
Agricultural Experimental Institute of Duna-Tisza Koz,
P.O. Box 116, Kecskemet, Hungary
The most effective control of TMV infection is the breeding
of resistant varieties.
In Hungary complex species hybrids were developed by crossing
wild species and cultivated varieties. A reliable inoculation
method in the greenhouse was worked out (with local virus
strain mixtures applied three times during the vegetative
period). The progeny examination of the selected plants
was done in the field the following year. Selection must
begin at F2 paying attention to interrelations
between environment and resistance. More than 2 backcrosses
must not be done. TMV-resistance may be linked with certain
fungi-resistance; the TMV and Cladosporium resistance of
the species hybrids in Kecskemet were developed simultaneously.
In our comparison trials of 1967 and 1968 our earlier and
newly developed varieties and strains and some resistant
breeding lines from abroad were tested.
Reliable resistance was found in: Kecskemeti Fajhibrid
1740; K. Fh. 1589; K. Fh. 1763; K. Fh. 1738; K. Fh. 1119/1;
K. Fh. 1120/1; strain Alexander; W-21366. The economic value
of our best species hybrids is as good as that of the commercial
varieties. What we want now is to introduce more genes of
resistance into the varieties.
Summary of Variety Releases
Dr. Gy. Meszoly |
| Varieties released in 1967: |
| K 42 x K torpe F1 = semi-determinate, green
shoulder, early table and processing variety |
| K Det. San Marsano = semi-determinate, uniform ripening,
for processing |
| K merevszaru = determinate, green shoulder, early
table |
| K konzerv = semi-determinate, green shoulder, processing
variety |
| Varieties which will be released in 1969: |
| Kecskemeti 507 = semi-determinate, uniform ripening,
early table |
| Kecskemeti-3 F1 = semi-determinate, uniform
ripening, early table |
| K. export = semi-determinate, uniform ripening, early
table |
Reference
- "Nemesitett novenyfajtakkal vegzett orsagos fajtakiserletek
eredmenyei". Orszagos Mezogazdasagi Fajta- es Termelestechnikai
Minosito Intezet Kiadvanyai. 1959-1968.
16. Uncatalogued Vegetable Varieties Available for Trial
in 1970
This list is aimed at facilitating the exchange of information
about potential new varieties, or new varieties which have
not yet appeared in catalogues. Persons conducting vegetable
variety trials who wish seed of items on this list should
request samples from the sources indicated.
It is the responsibility of the person sending out seed
to specify that it is for trial only, or any other restriction
he may want to place on its use.
Crops are listed alphabetically. For each entry the following
information is given: Designation, source of trial samples,
outstanding characteristics, variety suggested for comparison
(not given separately if mentioned in description), status
of variety (preliminary trial, advanced trial, to be released,
or released) and contributor of information if different
from source of trial samples. Where several samples are
listed consecutively from one source, the address is given
only for the first.
- Bean
- Oregon 58. (Green pod bush) W.A. Frazier. Oregon
State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Better
bush type in green pod bush with close approach to
Blue Lake pod quality. Very fleshy pod, very low fibre.
Compare with Gallatin 50. Rare combination of pod
quality and growth habit genes. To be released January
1970.
- Oregon 190. (Green pod bush) W.A. Frazier. Tender
podded bean tolerant to Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in
the field; some tolerance to systemic infection by
halo blight. Compare with Tendercrop? Rare combination
of pod quality and tolerance to two major bean diseases.
Preliminary trial.
- G 1. (Lima Bean) Robert E. Wester. Vegetables &
Ornamentals Research Branch, Crops Research Division,
ARS, USDA, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md.
20705. Larger and more productive than Thaxter, 5
to 10 days later than Thaxter, resistance to downy
mildew strains A and B. Compare with Thaxter. To be
released.
- Tara (formerly Nebr. 65-4-74). Dermot P. Coyne,
Department of Horticulture and Forestry, University
of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68503. This variety
has moderately high tolerance to the bacterial disease,
common blight, caused by Xanthomonas phaseoli.
Compare with G.N. UI#59. This variety is superior
in yield to the standard G.N. varieties under conditions
favorable for the development of common blight disease.
Released in 1969. Small amounts of seed available.
Certified seed will be grown in 1970.
- Nebr. 67-90. Dermot P. Coyne. This G.N. line has
high tolerance to the bacterial disease, common blight
caused by Xanthomonas phaseoli. Compare with
G.N. UI #59 and "Tara". This line has higher
blight tolerance than Tara but is about one week later
in maturity. The line produces significantly higher
yields than Tara and GN UI #59, Nebraska #1 and GN
1140 under blight conditions. To be released. Foundation
seed will be produced in 1970 and will be released
in 1970-71. (small packets of seed available)
- Nebr. 67-117. Dermot P. Coyne. High tolerance to
the bacterial wilt disease caused by bacterium, Corynebacterium
Flaccumfaciens. Compare with G.N. UI #59 and
Tara. This line has a seed size longer than standard
G.N. varieties with a brighter white seed coat. There
may be a new export market for a longer type white
bean in Western Europe. The line is comparable in
yield to standard G.N. varieties. Advanced trial.
Small packets of seed available.
- Beet
- Beets-All. R.L. Engle, Dessert Seed Co. Inc., P.O.
Box 9008, Salem, Oregon 97305. This is a hybrid table
beet, with uniformity, strong seedling vigor, good
interior color and smooth exterior. Compare with Ruby
Queen. This hybrid is in production for seed crop
in 1970. To be released.
- D 104-A x W 211-C. R.L. Engle. This hybrid table
beet has uniformity, holds small size well, has strong
seedling vigor, is smooth and good color. Compare
with Ruby Queen. To be released.
- Broccoli
- Exp. Hyb. A. E.W. Scott. Joseph Harris Co., Inc.
Rochester, New York 14624. Early, mildew tolerant,
heavy head, and good uniformity. Compare with Green
Mountain. Advanced trial.
- Exp. Hyb. B. E.W. Scott. Very early, mildew tolerant,
medium head held above foliage, and uniform. Compare
with Spartan Early. Advanced trial.
- Exp. Hyb. C. EW. Scott. Midseason, mildew tolerant,
heavy head with fine bud, and uniform. Compare with
Walth. 29. Advanced trial.
- Brussels Sprouts
- Jade Cross D. E.W. Scott. Taller than Jade. Compare
with Jade Cross. Advanced trial.
- Cabbage
- Exp. Hyb. O. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Inc.
Rochester, New York 14624. Main season, yellow resistance,
virus tolerant, blue-green shipping variety. Compare
with Market Prize. Advanced trial.
- Carrot
- 1591SN. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Inc., Rochester,
New York 14624. Extra long Nantes, good color, for
market and for slicing. Compare with Nantes, Hipak.
Advanced trial.
- 9147. E.W. Scott. Market type, good color and strong
top. Compare with Hipak and Goldpak. Advanced trial.
- Cauliflower
- No. 38. D.H. Wallace, Department of Plant Breeding,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850. Selected
for uniformity of maturity, head density, and curd
protection. Compare with Snowball Y. Juvenile leaves
are yellowish, but mature foliage is normal color.
Advanced trial.
- No. 47. D.H. Wallace. Selected for more uniform
maturity, and head density. Well protected curd. Compare
with Snowball E. Advanced trial.
- Collard
- S.C. DMR. W.C. Barnes, Truck Experiment Station,
P.O. Box 3158, St. Andrews Br. Charleston, S.C. 29407.
Similar to Vates, resistance to S.C. strain downy
mildew. Compare with Vates. Not entirely fixed in
type or resistance and may not be much better than
Vates in Northern areas where another race of D.M.
is prevalent. Preliminary trial.
- Cucumber
- 8GND. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Inc., Rochester,
New York 14624. Early black spine pickle. High yield,
good color, SMR. Compare with Pioneer. Advanced trial.
- C4P59. E.W. Scott. White spine, dark fruit, excellent
grade out, uniform, tolerant to PM, DM, anthracnose.
Compare with Explorer. Advanced trial.
- J8ND. E.W. Scott. Black spine, early, high yield.
SMR. For pickles. Compare with Pioneer. Advanced trial.
- Meridian (F1). O.H. Pearson, Department
of Plant Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14850. High resistance to scab and mosaic, vigorous,
productive, dark green slicer. No stipple or mottle,
uniform color. Compare with Meridian T, Gemini 7.
Parentage: Tablegreen 68 (Gyn) x Marketmore 70. To
be released. (H.M. Munger)
- Marketmore 70. (Slicer) O.H. Pearson. Identical
to Marketmore, but has the uniform color fruit character
free of stipple or mottle. Compare with Marketmore.
Holds fruit color in hot weather. Parentage: MSU 844
backcrossed by Marketmore five times. To be released.
(H.M. Munger)
- Lettuce
- C 898C. P.L. Minotti, Department of Vegetable Crops,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850. Head shaped
like Cos but leaf cut and texture an intermediate
between Cos and heading types. Compare with Dark Green
Cos. Advanced trial.
- Ithaca (Head). P.L. Minotti. Tipburn, brownrib and
bolting resistance, makes good size heads under adverse
conditions, attractive shape and color and uniform.
Compare with Fulton and Penn Lake. To be released.
- 639-5M. (Head). P.L. Minotti. Similar to Fulton
but with larger frame and darker green color. Tipburn,
brownrib, and bolting resistance. Compare with Fulton
and Great Lakes 659. Advanced trial.
- WW-27 (Butterhead). Bigger, earlier, and somewhat
slower seedstalk than White Boston. Compare with White
Boston. Advanced trial.
- Muskmelon
- Planters Jumbo, (67-1). C.F. Andrus, U.S. Vegetable
Breeding Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29407.
P.O. Box 3348. 4 1/2 lb. Hales type. Resistant to
downy and powdery mildew. Compare with Hales Best
Jumbo. Joint release of USDA and South Carolina AES.
Notice of Feb. 18, 1969.
- Pimiento Pepper
- Bighart. W.H. Greenleaf, Department of Horticulture,
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36830. Larger fruit,
higher yield, 10% higher recovery of canned product,
resistance to tobacco strains of TMV. Compare with
Truhart Perfection Pimiento. Seed will be increased
by Peto Seed Company. Released to Assoc. Pimiento
Canners, Feb. 1969. Publications: (1) HortScience,
Dec. 1969; (2) Auburn Univ. Ag. Expt. Sta. Leaflet
78, Nov. 1969.
- Squash
- Bush Ebony. O.H. Pearson, Department of Plant Breeding,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850. Short
branches, restricted plant spread. Fruits very similar
to standard Ebony Acorn. Good table quality. Compare
with Standard Ebony Acorn. Ample seed supply is anticipated
for field trials. Advanced trial. (H.M. Munger)
- Bush Queen. O.H. Pearson. Short branches, restricted
plant spread. Fruits average for the small Table Queen
type. Good table quality. Compare with Standard Table
Queen. Ample seed supply is anticipated for field
trials. Advanced trial. (H.M. Munger)
- Cinderella. A.M. Rhodes, Department of Horticulture,
University of Illinois Urbana. Bush type of Halloween
pumpkin. Suitable for home gardens. Compare with Standard
Halloween pumpkins. To be released.
- Royal Bush. O.H. Pearson, Department of Plant Breeding,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850. Short
branches, restricted plant spread. Fruits as large
as Royal Acorn. Good table quality. Compare with Standard
Royal Acorn. Advanced trial. Ample seed supply available
for field trials. (H.M. Munger)
- Sweet Corn
- Everyoung. Dr. Stuart N. Smith, Consultant, Sweet
Corn Genetic Service. 808 E. Lincoln Way, Rte. #2,
Ames, Iowa 50010. Very tender pericarp for a prolonged
period but free from rupturing; retains light yellow
color of young corn to advanced maturity; longer ears
than most processor types. Compare with Jubilee. Preliminary
trial.
- Fancyfresh. Dr. Stuart N. Smith. Has the well filled
tips and desirable flags for fresh corn but pericarp,
texture and flavor equal to the best processor types.
Compare with Golden Cross. Preliminary trial.
- Tenderchoice. Dr. Stuart N. Smith. Resistance to
root lodging, tender but crisp pericarp in processed
corn. Compare with Midway. Advanced trial.
- Tomato
- Kenmor. E.W. Chipman, Research Station, Kentville,
N.S. Determinate plant; jointless fruit; uniform ripening;
medium size. Compare with Longred. Unless the fruit
is overripe, the removal of the calyx does not tear
the flesh. Very little leafy inflorescence. Season
a few days after Fireball. To be released.
- Sunset. L.C. Peirce, Department of Plant Science,
Nesmith Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham,
N.H. 03824. Productivity high, one week later than
Fireball, good fruit size. Compare with Starfire.
Not resistant to fusarium or verticillium wilts. Released.
- 216. Dr. J. W. Strobel, Head, Gulf Coast Experiment
Station, 5007 60th St. E., Bradenton, Florida 33505.
Indeterminate for pink-harvest, large deep fruit and
resistant to verticillium and fusarium wilt (race
1) grayleaf spot and graywall. Compare with Floradel
and Manapal. For pink harvest only- does best when
staked or trellised and pruned to fork or single stem.
Released.
- STEP 535. Dr. J.W. Strobel. Determinate for mature-green
or pink-harvest. Is resistant to Fusarium wilt - races
1 and 2, grayleaf spot and graywall. Compare with
Homestead. Shows promise of replacing Homestead in
much of Florida. Has excellent ripening characteristics,
good color and firmness. For fresh market only. Released.
- 68-640. O.H. Pearson, Department of Plant Breeding,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850. Determinate
vine, early midseason, deep globe, holds size. Some
resistance to cracking and blotchy ripening. Compare
with New Yorker. Not resistant to verticillium or
fusarium wilts. Advanced trial. (H.M. Munger)
- 8-647. O.H. Pearson. Indeterminate, mid season,
deep globe, smooth. Some resistance to cracking and
blotchy ripening. Compare with H 1350. Not resistant
to verticillium or fusarium wilts. Advanced trial.
(H.M. Munger)
- TAMU Chico III. Paul W. Leeper, Texas Agricultural
Experiment Station, Weslaco, Texas 78596. Small vine
long type with high temperature setting ability. Fusarium
and stemphylium resistance. Compare with Roma. Released
to seed trade.
- TAMU Monte Grande. Paul W. Leeper. Fresh market
type, large fruit, medium determinate vine. Fusarium
and stemphylium resistance. Released to seed trade.
- K. Fh. 1740. Dr. Gy. Meszoly, Agricultural Experimental
Institute of Duna-Tisza koz. Kecskemet P.O.B. 116.
Hungary. Indeterminate, green shoulder, TMV-tolerant,
Cladosporium resistant. This line was derived from
(L. esculentum var. cerasiforme x hirsutum
F1) x (L. esculentum x L. peruvianum
F2) Advanced trial.
- KDSM. Dr. Gy. Meszoly. Semi-determinate, uniform
ripening, suitable for processing. (Determinate San
Mazarno). Released in 1967.
- Nova. R.W. Robinson. Department of Vegetable Crops,
New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva,
New York 14456. High consistency, appears useful for
concentrated products. Compare with Roma VF. Resistant
to verticillium, fusarium, late blight, and cracking;
pear shaped fruit, holds well when ripe. To be released.
- 27IL. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Inc., Rochester,
New York 14624. Late, large clean fruited hybrid,
VF resistant, adapted to stake culture. To be released.
Compare with Supersonic Jet Star.
- Watermelon
- Petite Sweet. Dr. Charles V. Hall, Department of
Horticulture, Kansas State University, Manhattan,
Kansas 66502. Round, Crimson Sweet Stripe - 6 to 10
lb. Maturity 28 days from fertilization, resistant
to fusarium wilt and races 1 and 3 of anthracnose.
Rind suitable for shipping. Compare with Sugar Baby
or Northern Sweet. Should be grown with same spacing
as New Hampshire Midget. To be released - Seedsmen
in 1970.
- Supersweet. Dr. Charles V. Hall. Round, Crimson
Sweet Stripe, Av. 14 lbs. Av. 12 percent sugar and
very firm flesh. Resistant to fusarium wilt and anthracnose
races 1 and 3. Compare with Crimson Sweet. Matures
5 days later than Crimson Sweet or Charleston Gray.
Has excellent flavor and keeping quality. Good shipper.
To be released - Seedsmen in 1970.
- Summerfield (60-27). C.F. Andrus, U.S. Vegetable
Breeding Laboratory, P.O. Box 3348, Charleston, S.C.
29407. Extra large, round, striped, wilt resistant,
show melon. Compare with Congo. Joint release of USDA
and the South Carolina AES. Notice of Feb. 12, 1969.
- WRC (55-6). C.F. Andrus. Congo type; late, wilt
resistant. Compare with Congo. Performs well as a
parent in production of both 2 x and 3 x (seedless)
hybrids. To be released as a breeding line only.
- Germ Plasm Release
- C 5 - Tomato: Mark W. Martin, Research and Extension
Center, Prosser, Washington 99350. Resistant to curly
top virus. Very good earliness, fruit set, and concentration
of ripening.
17. Stocks Desired
- Dr. Gy. Meszoly, Agricultural Experiment Institute of
Duna-Tisza Koz, P.O. Box 116, Kecskemet, Hungary
- Tomatoes: Breeding lines and varieties of high dry
matter content, good external and internal color,
firmness and disease resistance (TMV, Phytophthora,
etc.)
- M. LeRon Robbins, Department of Horticulture, Iowa State
University, Ames, Iowa, 50010
- Muskmelon: Varieties resistant to foliage diseases,
particularly Alternaria.
- Watermelon: Varieties resistant to wilt and anthracnose.
- Potatoes: Early fresh market and shipping varieties.
- D.H. Wallace, Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850
- S allele genotype of Brassica, cabbage, broccoli,
cauliflower, kale or brussels sprouts. We want lines
that are stabilized for self-incompatability or lines
for which incompatibility behavior (normal or abnormal)
can be relatively well defined. These materials are
being used to determine the dominance, co-dominance
and mutual weakening relationships among the approximately
50 alleles of the S locus of Brassica, and to establish
in cooperation with Brassica breeders in other countries
a scheme for permanent identification of the different
S alleles.
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