Vegetable Improvement Newsletter
No. 13, February 1971
Compiled by H.M. Munger, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
1. Cytoplasmically Inherited Flavor and Male Sterility
Factors in Brassica
O.H. Pearson
Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Cornell University,
Ithaca, N.Y. 14850
From the cross B. nigra (n=8) x B. oleracea
(n=9) (broccoli) raised to 4n by colchicine treatment and
reduced to 2n by repeated backcrossings by broccoli, a broccoli
line of Medium Early types has been extracted. This is typical
of the variety in appearance, but is very low in sulfur
containing isothiocyanates, has a sharp mustard-green flavor,
and no cooking odors. This flavor difference in maternally
inherited, as shown by organoleptic tests of reciprocal
crosses.
Outcrossing one of these early broccoli backcrosses by
cabbage and repeated backcrossing by selfed progeny of the
cabbage line uncovered a petaloid cytoplasmic male sterile.
Early generations showed serious malformations of the seed
pod, but later generations are nearly normal. In many lines,
the inner whorl of stamens has become carpellate, bearing
seeds, and enclosing the original pistil. Nectaries are
absent, and bees will not visit petaloid flowers. Several
maintainer lines have been isolated, unfortunately all highly
self-incompatible, and for this reason useless in the prompt
exploitation of this male sterile system. The genetics of
the character is a simple recessive operating only in N
(nigra) cytoplasm.
From a differently derived line from this cross, a vestigial
anther form of cytoplasmic male sterility has also been
uncovered. The flower shows the same type of anther abortion
found in the ms genetic male steriles in Brassica,
but is temperature insensitive. Nectaries are present, perhaps
reduced in size, but functional and bees will visit these
flowers. No maintainer lines have been isolated as yet,
and its genetics has not been worked out. However, it can
be transferred to other stocks.
It it turns out that this flavor difference found in the
flower buds of broccoli, maternally transmitted, is likewise
maternally transmitted in cabbage, flavor in processed cabbage
could be expected to be different. Some designation to indicate
this flavor difference should be adopted, and I suggest
the addition of the letter "n" to the name of
the item, such as "cabbagen". Any hybrid made
of a cytoplasmic male sterile with N cytoplasm might have
a flavor difference.
Because of the complexities of pulling useable lines out
of this material recovery of nectaries in the petaloid and
improvement of flower structure, and the location of maintainer
lines for the vestigial and the working out of its inheritance
which may be complex, seed of petaloid and its maintainer,
and seed of a line segregating for vestigial is offered
to interested plant breeders. Small amounts of each can
be obtained from Dr. D.W. Wallace, Dept. of Plant Breeding,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14850.
2. The Effect of the White Spine Gene on Various Characters
in the Cucumber Cultivar Wisconsin SMR18
Ben F. George
Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Cornell University,
Ithaca, N.Y. 14850
Comparisons of 2 B.C.6 F3 white spine lines
(bb) with their respective B.C.6 F3 black spine
(BB) sib lines were made this past summer for a number of
characters. No significant differences were found for flesh
firmness, cucumber mosaic resistance and earliness. Skin
toughness, which has been thought to be greater in white
spine varieties, was similar in grades 3 and 5, but the
mature fruit, 40 days old, in bb lines were significantly
tougher (.01) than the BB lines. An anatomical study of
the pericarps suggests that this may be due to development
of thicker cell walls in the subepidermal tissue of the
mature bb fruit. The difference seems to appear only after
fruit would be too large for pickling. Limited data show
that a slightly smaller length/diameter ratio, within a
given grade of fruit , may be associated with bb.
Hunter Color Meter data confirm the observation that bb
contributes to greater color uniformity from stem to blossom
end in grade 5 fruit. The difference in mature skin color,
orange for BB and cream for bb, was associated with the
presence of a flavanoid compound and a large quantity of
carotenoids in the orange skin, while very little of either
pigment was found in the cream skin. It was found that under
low fertility conditions an apparent lighter green leaf
color is associated with bb. Chlorophyll determinations
are in progress.
3. Backcross-derived Modifications of Wisconsin SMR18
Cucumber
H.M. Munger
Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Cornell University,
Ithaca, N.Y. 14850
We now have several versions of Wisconsin SMR18, developed
primarily for isogenic line studies but possibly of interest
to breeders of pickling cucumbers. One is a white-spined
type derived from 6 backcrosses which seems to be identical
in most respects to SMR18 (see separate note by B.F. George).
This line could be substituted for SMR18 in crosses with
W.S. gynoecious lines if one wanted to make W.S. hybrids.
In another version, we have added the uniform color found
in Tablegreen. Whether this will make pickles with acceptable
color is still in question. It would have the advantage
of less difference in color between the stem and blossom
ends of the fruit and also of reducing greatly the variations
in fruit color that now occur between harvest dates and
between locations, due to temperature differences.
The W.S. and uniform features are being combined with each
other and with gynoecious flowering. We have not yet decided
which combinations should be released but the best may be
a gynoecious, uniform, W.S. type for use in producing hybrid
seed. Since the latter two characters are both recessive,
they can be covered by the dominants of a male parent if
not desired. We should have all combinations by the end
of the 1971 growing season. Requests for samples of any
of them will be kept on file and filled when seed becomes
available. We may be able to supply some from the spring
greenhouse crop in time for June planting.
Although it might be desirable to name these lines in such
a way as to identify their background genotype with Wisconsin
SMR18, that name is already so long that it does not seem
practical to add numbers or letters to it. Consequently,
I have decided tentatively to give the name 'Progress' to
one line in this group and identify the others by adding
numbers. The letter 'F' will be used to identify the gynoecious
types.
4. Inheritance of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Cucumber
S. Shanmugasundaram and P.H. Williams
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
Within our cucumber breeding program certain lines could
be consistently classified as resistant, intermediate or
susceptible to powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca fulinginea.
Resistant plants either had no powdery mildew or at most
one or two weakly growing colonies which elicited a hypersensitive
necrosis in the leaf tissue beneath them. In intermediate
resistance, the cotyledons and true leaves were mildewed
either mildly or severely, but there was no mildew on the
hypocotyl, stem or petiole. On susceptible plants the cotyledons,
hypocotyl, upper and lower side of the true leaves, stem
and petiole were completely covered with mildew.
Certain plants in the following cucumber accessions were
found to have resistance or intermediate resistance to the
biotypes of powdery mildew found in Wisconsin: PI 197085,
PI 197086, PI 197087, PI 197088, PI 212233, PI 234517, PI
279465, cv. Natsufushinari, Pixie A-1, Poinsett, Polaris
and breeding line 9362.
The F1, F2 and backcross data from
the crosses made between 9362 and PI 212233, 234517, Pixie,
Natsufushinari, and Chicago Pickling indicated that a dominant
gene Sfr controls the resistance to powdery mildew and is
expressed only when the non-allelic dominant genes Sfi and
Sfs are recessive. Resistance is intermediate when Sfr and
Sfs are recessive regardless of the condition of Sfi. When
Sfr and Sfi are dominant and Sfs is recessive resistance
is also intermediate. When Sfs is dominant susceptibility
results regardless of the state of Sfr and Sfi. The genes
responsible for resistance appear to be the same in PI 212233,
234517 and cv. Natsufushinari. Genes for powdery mildew
resistance, scab resistance, cotyledon bitterness and spine
color are all independently inherited and no linkage was
observed among them.
5. A Cotyledon Marker Gene in Cucumbers
S. Shanmugasundaram and P.H. Williams
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
Small cotyledons with chlorotic tip were found in some
cucumber seedlings in our breeding lines 9594 and 9597.
The growth of these seedlings is slow and the true leaves
are highly puckered and cuplike. The corolla of both male
and female flowers never opened. The female flowers have
a long, slender neck connecting the ovary and the style.
Male flowers are fertile. The fertility of the female is
doubtful; however, parthenocarpic fruits are formed. The
abnormal cotyledon with its accompanying syndrome is inherited
as a single recessive, designated as cotyledon marker (cm),
is probably pleiotropic. The abnormal plants were grown
in the field, but no seed fruits were obtained suggesting
that they are probably semi-lethal. The gene is maintained
in the population through the heterozygotes.
6. Inheritance of Spine Color in Fruits and its Linkage
with Netting Fruit of Cucumber
S. Shanmugasundaram and P.H. Williams
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
Contrary to reports in the literature on inheritance of
fruit spine color, F2 and bc1 data
obtained from a cross between line 9362 and PI 212233 indicated
that the black spine is governed by either of two dominant
genes (BC). The homozygous recessive (bbcc) produced
white spine. It is suggested that in the cultivars used
in prior genetic analyses on spine color either B or C was
fixed so that the character segregated as if it was monogenic.
Crosses were also made between black spined, netted fruit
plants (PI 197085) and smooth white spined plants (PI 234517
and Polaris). The F2 gave a crossing over value
of 11 percent and 12.5 percent for the two crosses whereas
the backcross gave a crossing over a percentage of 17.5
percent and 19.12 percent. The netting in the white spine
fruit appears like cracking.
7. TAMU 950, A Hermaphroditic Inbred Line of Cucumber
L.M. Pike and W.A. Mulkey
Horticulture Section, Soil and Crop Science Dept., Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843
A new cucumber breeding line, TAMU 950, has been developed
and demonstrated to be homozygous for the hermaphroditic
sex expression. This line was derived from an original cross
between "Crystal Apple", an andromonoecious line,
and a Michigan State University breeding line exhibiting
a predominately female sex expression. The hermaphroditic
line exhibits similar plant and fruit characteristics as
the original Crystal Apple variety. Crosses between TAMU
950 and gynoecious lines exhibited 100% femaleness in the
F1 generation.
Hybrids developed using the hermaphrodite for the male
parent eliminated the unpredictable number of staminate
flowers on the F1. This allows for precise quantities
of a desired pollinator to be added to hybrids. Delayed
planting of pollinator rows can be accomplished if desired.
Future development of parthenocarpic hybrids will be possible
as the hermaphroditic x gynoecious hybrid will produce no
staminate flowers. TAMU 950 is being increased for release
to cucumber breeders. Seed requests should be sent to the
senior author.
8. Promising Baby Limas
R.E. Wester
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md. 20705
Four new promising green-seeded lima bean lines (568BG,
968BG, 1069BG, and 1168BG) were increased by seedsmen in
1970. These lines tested at Georgetown, Delaware; Beltsville,
Maryland; and Bridgeton, New Jersey, were 6 to 8 days earlier
than Dover with shorter plants. These lines are resistant
to downy mildew strains A and B, and have greener seed coats
and cotyledons than Thaxter, Early Thorogreen, and Dover.
In the majority of trials, these four lines were more productive
than Thaxter. Since the beans mature at one time, they are
adapted for mechanical harvesting. All are vigorous germinators.
A limited amount of seed of three of these lines are available
in 1971 for testing by experiment station workers, seedsmen,
and commercial lima bean growers.
9. Promising Fordhook Limas
R.E. Wester
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md. 20705
Three new green-seeded Fordhook lines, U.S. 169G, U.S.
269G, and 369G, resistant to downy mildew strains A and
B, were increased by a commercial seedsman in California
in 1969. These were tested at Seabrook, New Jersey, and
Beltsville, Maryland, in 1970. These are earlier than green
Fordhook 861, are stronger germinators and have greener
seed coats and cotyledons. Since the pods mature at one
time, they are adapted to mechanical harvesting. A limited
amount of seed of these three lines are available in 1971
for testing by experiment station workers, seedsmen, and
commercial lima bean growers.
10. Advanced Breeding Lines of Muskmelon and Tomato from
Harrow, Ontario
V.W. Nuttall
Research Station, Harrow, Ontario, Canada
The following are descriptive lists of advanced breeding
lines of muskmelon and tomato developed, with the exception
of one tomato, by L.F. Ounsworth, who transferred to Ottawa
a year ago. They are comparatively stable lines in the F6
or more advanced generations. They can be considered "near
varieties". Each lines has one or more valuable plant
traits in addition to resistance to specific soil-borne
pathogens as described.
The Canada Department of Agriculture and, more specifically,
the Research Station at Harrow, is please to make this material
available. All requests for seed for sampling out should
be directed to V.S. Nuttall at Harrow. All of the seed is
stored at this station in a controlled environment to retain
maximum longevity.
Muskmelon:
- H 5703 (10-38 x Perfection). Perfection type with field
resistance to Fusarium wilt; fruit large, round, distinctly
ribbed with medium amount coarse netting; flesh thick,
pale salmon color.
- H 5505 (10-38 x Hale's Best No. 45). A Fusarium resistant
Hale's Best type; medium size, round elongated, distinctly
ribbed with much coarse netting; thick salmon flesh.
- H 6202 (10-38 x Perfection) x 10-38. Perfection type
with good field resistance to Fusarium wilt; fruit medium
size, round with much distinct coarse netting; attractive
thick salmon flesh.
- H 6204 (10-38 x Honey Rock) x 10-38. Resistance to Fusarium
wilt; round elongated, distinctly ribbed with prominent
coarse netting; thick salmon flesh.
- H 6302 (Iroquois x Hoodoo) x 10-38. Good resistance
to Fusarium wilt; distinct ribbing and heavy coarse netting;
large, round fruit with thick pale salmon flesh.
- H 5809 (11-38 x Iroquois). Very good resistance to Fusarium
wilt but mature fruits have bronze color.
- H 6011 (Iroquois x Hoodoo) x 11-38. A Fusarium wilt
resistant Harper Hybrid type; medium size, round, no ribbing,
medium amount coarse netting; thick salmon flesh
- H 5701 (Iroquois x Perfection). A Perfection type resistant
to Fusarium wilt; prominent ribbing and much coarse netting;
medium large size with thick salmon flesh.
- H 5512 (Iroquois x Hoodoo). Resistant to Fusarium wilt;
medium size, round elongated with distinct ribbing, very
much coarse netting; thick salmon flesh.
- H 5517 (Iroquois x Honey Rock). Resistant to Fusarium
wilt; medium large, round elongated, distinctly ribbed
and very much coarse netting; thick salmon flesh.
- H 6305 (Iroquois x Hoodoo) x Iroquois. Resistant to
Fusarium wilt; medium size, round, long tapering, with
distinct ribbing and much coarse netting; thick salmon
flesh.
- 10-38 A Fusarium wilt resistant inbred.
- 11-38 A Fusarium wilt resistant inbred which is one
parent of Harper Hybrid.
Tomato:
- H 6203 (Scotia x Harrow). Determinate; medium large,
firm and uniform green.
- H 6205 (LMW 3-1 x Bounty) x Fireball. Determinate; medium
large, uniform green, good yield.
- H 6407 ((S 25-7 x Bounty) x Alaska) x Fireball. Determinate;
medium size, globe flattened, uniform green.
- H 6501 Harbon from Harrow x VF 36. Determinate;
resistant to Fusarium and Verticillium wilts; large, uniform
green, early canning type.
- Birdsnest. A dwarf mutant selected by Dr. Wm. Shumovich;
widely used by breeders to produce dwarf-uniform ripening,
concentrated maturity for mechanical harvesting.
- GH 6315. A pink-fruited greenhouse type.
11. Notice to Seedsmen Regarding Release of Two Root Rot
Resistant, Canning Pea Breeding Lines, PH-14-119 And PH-91-3
The Plant Science Research Division of the Agricultural
Research Service and the College of Agriculture, Washington
State University, announce the release of PH-14-119 and
PH-91-3, two canning pea breeding lines with resistance
to the root rot complex caused by Fusarium solani
f. pisi and Pythium spp. prevalent in
Eastern Washington. Both lines are F7 selections.
They are being released as breeding lines, not as commercial
varieties.
PH-14-119:
The parentage of PH-14-119 is C-165 (a University of Wisconsin
selection resistant to common and near wilt, Fusarium
oxysporum f. pisi x P.I. 140295 (resistant
to common pea mosaic, enation virus, as well as the Fusarium
and Pythium root rot complex). PH-14-119 has been
evaluated for resistance to root rot in the field and greenhouse
in infested soil for the past three years. It is not immune
to this root rot complex, but carries a high degree of resistance.
It consistently sets pods at Prosser under conditions of
root rot infestation that kills standard commercial varieties.
PH-14-119 is single and double podded (4-8 pods/plant),
white-flowered, and flowers in the 11-13th node.
PH-91-3:
The parentage of PH-91-3 is (Perfected Freezer 60, a New
York State release, x P.I. 166159) x (Early Perfection 3040
x C-165). Plant Introduction No. 166159 and Early Perfection
3040 are both sources of resistance or tolerance to the
Fusarium and Pythium root rot complex.
PH-91-3 remains vigorous and yields well in soil where Dark
Skin Perfection and other root rot-susceptible peas are
destroyed. It varies between 60-100 percent resistant to
near wilt. PH-91-3 is white-flowered and double-podded and
flowers in the 12-13th node. PH-14-119 and PH-91-3 have
not been screened for common mosaic pea streak or enation
mosaic virus. They are susceptible to Rhizoctonia solani,
another root rotting organism which can be a problem, and
to Race 5 of pea wilt which occurs in western Washington.
A limited quantity of seed is available for pro rata distribution
to bona fide pea breeders and seed producers who make written
request to J.M. Kraft, Irrigated Agriculture Research and
Extension Center, Prosser, Washington, 99350, on or before
April 15, 1971. It is suggested that in order to maintain
the high level of resistance to root rot, crosses between
the two lines be made for development of commercial types
instead of by crossing either line to a root rot-susceptible
variety or breeding line.
12. Possible Usefulness of Hybrid Butternut Squash Highly
Stable for Fruit Shape
Dermot P. Coyne
University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68503
Butternut squash is considered to be one of the most popular
types of squash grown in many parts of the United States.
A poor seed stock of 'Butternut' may have a high percentage
of plants bearing crookneck fruit. An important objective
is to develop a true large-fruited 'Butternut' squash stable
for fruit shape. The small-fruited New Hampshire Butternut
(NHBN) squash is stable for fruit shape. 'Waltham Butternut',
a large-fruited, attractive and recent introduction is reported
to be free of crooknecks. The cultivar 'Hercules', once
stable for fruit shape, now shows a large number of off-type
fruit. Pearson (HortScience 3:271-274) noted that when 'NHBN'
was used as the female parent in crosses with 'Crookneck'
types (derived from 'Butternut'), plants with 'Butternut'
shape fruit were produced in the F1 while in
the reciprocal cross, both 'Butternut' and 'Crookneck' plants
were produced. This breeding behavior was confirmed by the
author in one cross but plants producing 'Butternut' and
some dimorphic plants only were observed in the reciprocal
F1 of another cross (Table 1). Coyne (HortScience
5:227-228) reported that a repeated application, Ethrel
250 ppm, applied to NHBN was effective in producing a female
line of this cultivar. 'NHBN' and a pollinator line were
grown at two different locations in isolation. Ethrel was
used to develop a female line of 'NHBN'. The pollinators
used at each location were 'Waltham Butternut' and 'Crookneck'
(67-1-7) derived from 'Butternut'. The parents and F1
hybrids were grown in early and late planting trials in
Lincoln in 1970. A randomized complete block design consisting
of five replications was used for each trial.
Both F1 hybrids approached their respective
high parents for mean fruit weight and for mean fruit number
per plot (Table 2). There was no significant difference
between total fruit yield per plot of both hybrids and their
respective high parents. The 'Crookneck' (67-1-7) parent
produced 100 percent crookneck fruit. There was no significant
difference in number of crooked fruit per plot between all
of the other parents and hybrids. It is important to distinguish
between crooked and crookneck fruit. In the crookneck fruit,
the neck is elongated and is crooked. Some fruit are also
crooked without the elongated neck and a small number of
these types were observed in 'Waltham Butternut' and 'NHBN'.
No crookneck fruit were observed in these latter two parents.
A small number of dimorphic plants, plants producing both
'Crookneck' and 'Butternut' fruit occurred in both hybrids.
No plants producing all 'Crookneck' fruit were observed
in either hybrid. A high frequency of 'Crookneck' fruit
in commercial stocks of 'Butternut' is quite common.
The idea behind this research was to develop a method to
produce F1 hybrids of 'Butternut' squash with
a low 'Crookneck' frequency and to overcome the difficult
selection problem of maintaining 'Butternut' relatively
free of the 'Crookneck' rogue. If 'Waltham Butternut', in
future years, becomes unstable in fruit shape like 'Hercules'
then the method described in this report may prove of value
in producing hybrid squash with a low crookneck value. Perhaps
there is a need, at the present time, for a smaller 'Butternut'
fruit than 'Waltham Butternut' in some markets and certain
F1 hybrids could satisfy this need.
Table 1. Shape of fruit on plants in parents and F NHBN
x Crookneck crosses.
| |
Number of Plants |
| Generation |
Crookneck |
BN |
Dimorphic |
| NHBN |
- |
All |
- |
| Crookneck 67-1-7 |
All |
|
- |
| Crookneck Golden Cushaw (Agway) |
All |
- |
- |
| F1 NHBN x Crookneck 67-1-7 |
- |
28 |
2 |
| F1 Crookneck 67-1-7 x NHBN |
- |
28 |
11 |
| F1 NHBN x Crookneck Golden Cushaw (Agway) |
- |
9 |
1 |
| F1 Crookneck Golden Cushaw (Agway) x NHBN |
4 |
20 |
10 |
Table 2. Performance of F1 Butternut squash
hybrids derived from crosses of a female line of NHBN (treated
with Ethrel) with a Crookneck squash (67-1-7) and Waltham
Butternut in two trials in Nebraska in 1970.
|
Trial |
Entry |
Number Plants per plot |
Total Wt. plot (0.01 lb.) |
Total Fruit No. plot |
Mean Fruit Wt. (0.01 lb.) |
Number of Crooked fruit
plot |
% Number Crooked Fruit |
% Crookneck plants |
|
Trial #1 (Early Planting) |
Waltham Butternut |
4.8 a1 |
144.9 a |
51.2 ab |
2.8 a |
1.2 b2 |
2.1 b |
0 |
|
|
Crookneck 67-1-7 |
4.2 a |
87.7 c |
38.2 b |
2.3 b |
38.2 a |
100.0 a |
100 |
|
|
N.H.B.N. |
5.4 a |
79.4 c |
62.8 a |
1.3 c |
2.8 b |
4.3 b |
0 |
|
|
F1 NHBN x Cr 67-1-7 |
4.6 a |
105.8 bc |
51.2 ab |
2.1 b |
3.0 b |
5.2 b |
0 |
|
|
F1 NHBN x Waltham Butternut |
5.4 a |
130.9 ab |
59.8 a |
2.2 b |
3.4 b |
5.6 b |
0 |
|
Trial #2 (Later Planting) |
Waltham Butternut |
5.8 a |
127.6 a |
43.6 bc |
2.9 a |
2.8 b |
3.7 c |
0 |
|
|
Crookneck 67-1-7 |
4.8 b |
77.5 c |
32.2 c |
2.4 b |
32.2 a |
100.0 c |
100 |
|
|
N.H.B.N. |
5.4 ab |
76.0 bc |
64.2 a |
1.2 c |
2.8 b |
4.2 c |
0 |
|
|
F1 NHBN x Cr 67-1-7 |
5.6 ab |
106.7 ab |
60.0 a |
1.8 b |
5.2 b |
8.3 bc |
0 |
|
|
F1 NHBN x Waltham Butternut |
5.6 ab |
123.1 a |
50.2 ab |
2.5 b |
5.2 b |
10.7 b |
0 |
1 Means followed by a common letter are not
significantly different at the 5% probability level.
2 Some crooked Butternut fruit were observed
in Waltham Butternut and NHBN while crookneck fruit with
long necks were observed in the other entries.
13. Progress Report on the Use of N28 as a Source of Better
Root System in Sweet Corn
Stuart N. Smith
Sweet Corn Genetic Service, 808 E. Lincoln Way, Ames,
Iowa
A year ago a report was made on efforts to transfer the
massive root system of the Nebraska inbred, N28, to certain
inbred lines of sweet corn. Manu valuable inbreds are quite
susceptible to root lodging whereas the N28 is virtually
windproof unless severely damaged by root worms. Twenty-eight
F1 hybrids between wind susceptible sweet corn
lines and N28 were studied at Ames in 1969. All were found
to be highly resistant to root lodging, suggesting a good
degree of dominance for wind resistance. One would expect
a trait like this to be dependent upon the action of several
genes. In 1970 sixteen backcrosses were studied which consisted
of susceptible by N28 by susceptible. Fifty mile winds with
an inch and a half of rain struck the Nursery just after
silking dates and gave an excellent chance to observe natural
resistance on sixteen of the backcrossed progenies. All
showed good to excellent resistance following the storm.
If one or two major genes were responsible for the wind
resistance, signs of rather definite segregation would have
appeared, so evidently several factors are involved. One
progeny was tested where it had been backcrossed twice to
the susceptible parent. The plants here ranged from good
to only fair in wind resistance. Apparently, it would take
large populations to retain the character in a few plants
if more than one backcross is used. Since N28 is much later
than most sweet corn, it is suggested that susceptible sweet
corn lines in the early to extra early class be matched
with N28 unless one wants to obtain sweet corn inbreds later
than those commonly used.
14. Uncatalogued Vegetable Varieties Available for Trial
in 1971
This list is aimed at facilitating the exchange of information
about potential new varieties, or new varieties which have
not yet appeared in catalogues. Persons conducting vegetable
variety trials who wish seed of items on this list should
request samples from the sources indicated.
It is the responsibility of the person sending out seed
to specify that it is for trial only, or any other restriction
he may want to place on its use.
Crops are listed alphabetically. For each entry the following
information is given: Designation, source of trial samples,
outstanding characteristics, variety suggested for comparison
(not given separately if mentioned in description), status
of variety (preliminary trial, advanced trial, to be released,
or released) and contributor of information if different
from source of trial samples. Where several samples are
listed consecutively from one source, the address is given
only for the first.
- Bean
- G.N. Jules (formerly Nebraska 67-90) Dermot P. Coyne,
Department of Horticulture and Forestry, University
of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68503. A Great Northern
Dry Bean with high tolerance to common blight bacteria
(Xanthomonas Phaseoli). This variety has
produced significantly higher yields of clean seed
in comparison with the standard varieties GN 1140
and GN UI #59 in both inoculated tests and under conditions
of natural spread of blight in the fields. Released
in 1970; registered seed will be produced in 1971.
- NCX 804. Dr. Tom V. Williams, P.O. Box 2058, El
Macero, California 95618. Very productive wax bean,
harvests well mechanically, smooth straight pods.
Compare with Earliwax or Kinghorn wax. Preliminary
trial.
- Broccoli
- Hybrid A. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Inc., Rochester,
New York 14624. Early, large solid head with mildew
tolerance and heavy stalk. Advanced trial. (R.O. Wilkins)
- Hybrid C. E.W. Scott. Midseason, solid head with
good bud size on mildew tolerant plant. Advanced trial.
(R.O. Wilkins)
- Hybrid 8729. Robert C. Tang, Dessert Seed Co., PO
Box 181, El Centro, California 92243. Heads are firm
tight and fine-budded. Plants are vigorous and uniform
and produce large side-shoots. Excellent quality.
Compare with Green Comet. Advanced trial.
- Cabbage
- Badger Hybrid 15. Paul H. Williams, Department of
Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison
53706. F hybrid market cabbage, solid interior, Yellows
& Mosaic resistant, better standing in field than
many early varieties. Compare with Badger Market.
To be released.
- Exp. 5555. Ronald L. Engle, Dessert Seed Co., Inc.
PO Box 9008, Salem, Oregon 97305. Mid-season fresh
market cabbage with a blue-green color. Resistant
to cabbage yellows. Compare with Badger Market. Advanced
trial.
- NCX 902. Dr. Tom V. Williams, PO Box 2508, El Macero,
California 95618. Uniform, Danish fresh market type,
round heads (6-6 1/2" diameter), excellent compaction,
135 day maturity (from direct seeding). Compare with
Roundup, Superette. Preliminary trial.
- Hybrid M. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Inc., Rochester,
New York 14624. Mid-early, round and short-cored head
with blue-green, yellows resistant plant. Compare
with Copenhagen or Market Topper. Advanced trial.
(R.O. Wilkins)
- Hybrid U. E.W. Scott. Early, short-cored, very solid
round head in Golden Acre season with yellows resistance.
Compare with Golden Acre. Advanced trial. (R.O. Wilkins)
- Hybrid W. E.W. Scott. Midseason, large kraut type
with short core, yellows resistant. Compare with Sanibel
or Roundup. To be released. (R.O. Wilkins)
- Hybrid X. E.W. Scott. Very late, solid head with
bright green color for long-term storage; yellows
resistant. To be released. (R.O. Wilkins)
- XP 811. Fred Williams, Agway, Inc., Vegetable Seed
Farm, Prospect, Pa. Yellows resistant Danish type
suitable for summer and fall harvest. Ave. 4lb., round,
very tight. Compare with Market Prize. To be released.
(James Matheson)
- Carrot
- D447A x D304C. Ronald L. Engle, Dessert Seed Co.,
Inc., PO Box 9008, Salem, Oregon 97305. A high yielding,
blunt tipped carrot with good orange color and freedom
of green shoulder. Compare with Danvers 126 or Royal
Chatenay. Advanced trial.
- Spartan Delite. L.R. Baker, Dept. of Horticulture,
MSU, East Lansing, Mich. 48823. Freshmarket F1,
uniform, long roots with excellent interior and exterior
color; resistant to cercospora leafspot, later maturity
than Spartansweet, medium tops. Compare with Gold
Pak. To be released.
- Spartan Fancy. L.R. Baker. Freshmarket F1,
uniform, long roots with excellent interior and exterior
color; smooth root exterior, medium tops, maturity
similar to Spartansweet, tolerant to leafspot. Compare
with Gold Pak. To be released.
- XP Hybrid 372. Fred Williams, Agway Inc., Prospect
Pa. 16052. Long, Danvers 126 type, good color, for
market and processing. Compare with Danvers 126; Spartan
Bonus. Advanced trial. (James Matheson)
- 1294. E.W. Scott. Joseph Harris Co., Inc., 3670
Buffalo Road, Rochester, New York 14624. Strong growing,
high yielding hybrid. Compare with Spartan Bonus,
Danvers 126. Preliminary trial. (C.H. Cadregari)
- 9147. E.W. Scott. Market hybrid, strong top, good
color, holds type at maturity longer than most hybrids,
wide adaptation. Compare with Hi Pak, Spartansweet.
To be released. (C.H. Cadregari)
- 9182. E.W. Scott. Market hybrid, early, semi-blunt,
strong top, adapted to northern much areas. Compare
with Hi Pak. Preliminary trial.
- 91P6. E.W. Scott. Market type hybrid, strong top,
excellent color, slim root, slow make up to maturity,
maybe tolerant to leaf blight. Compare with Waltham
Hi Color, Spartansweet. To be released. (C.H. Cadregari)
- 916047. E.W. Scott. Market type hybrid, long cylindrical,
good internal color, strong top. Compare with Hi Pak
or Spartansweet. To be released. (C.H. Cadregari)
- ENP6. E.W. Scott. Market type hybrid, strong top,
possible tolerance to leaf blight. Strong growing
root, excellent color. Compare with Waltham Hi Color,
Spartan Sweet. To be released. (C.H. Cadregari)
- Cauliflower
- MSU 512. S. Honma, Department of Horticulture, Michigan
State University. East Lansing, Mich. 48823. Deep
head, wrapper leaves eliminate tieing of head up to
7 inches in diameter. Maturity 7-10 later than Snowball
M but much earlier than Snowball X or Y. Advanced
trial.
- Cucumber
- All Green. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Inc.,
Buffalo Road, Rochester, New York 14624. SMR hybrid,
early, better yields than Meridian, carries uniform
color gene. Compare with Meridian, Marketmore. In
catalog 1971. (C.H. Cadregari)
- HSAS. E.W. Scott. Vigorous hybrid, carries the uniform
color gene, SMR, holds type. Compare with Meridian,
Marketmore. Advanced trial. (C.H. Cadregari)
- 12AS. E.W. Scott. Early SMR hybrid, tolerant to
DM and PM, longer fruit than Gemini 7. Compare with
Gemini 7, Cherokee, Marketmore. Advanced trial. (C.H.
Cadregari)
- 126S. E.W. Scott. Early SMR hybrid, tolerant to
DM and PM, good color, high yield. Compare with Gemini,
Cherokee or Poinsett. To be released. (C.H. Cadregari)
- 8G5. E.W. Scott. Compare with Frontier. To be released.
(C.H. Cadregari)
- C459. E.W. Scott. White spine, excellent color,
good pickle type, some tolerance to downy mildew and
powdery mildew. Compare with Explorer. To be released.
(C.H. Cadregari)
- Marketmore 70F. H.M. Munger, Department of Plant
Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850.
Gynoecious version of Marketmore 70. Released as parent
for hybrids.
- Cornell SR551F. H.M. Munger. Gynoecious version
of SR551, a white spine, scab resistant pickle with
much greater resistance to CMV than Wisconsin SMR18.
Released as a parent for hybrids.
- SMR18 uu. H.M. Munger. Similar to Wisconsin SMR18
but with the stippling eliminated by transfer of uniform
fruit color from Tablegreen. Preliminary trial.
- SMR18 W.S. H.M. Munger. Scab and mosaic resistant
pickle similar to Wisconsin SMR18 but with white spine.
To be released as a parent for hybrids and probably
named 'Progress'. Release as an open-pollinated variety
will be considered. Preliminary trial.
- NCX 513. Dr. Tom V. Williams, PO Box 2508, El Macero,
California 95618. Black spined gynoecious hybrid pickle,
resistant to scab and CMV; tolerant to downey and
powdery mildew, anthracnose and angular leaf spot.
Pioneer maturity; L/D ratio of 2.9. Compare with Pioneer,
Ranger. Preliminary trial.
- Eggplant
- SR. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co. Inc., 3670 Buffalo
Road, Rochester, New York 14624. Long cylindrical
shape hybrid, excellent glossy black color, possible
tolerance to verticillium wilt. Compare with Jersey
King. Advanced trial. (C.H. Cadregari)
- Black Oval. E.W. Scott. Hybrid with deep glossy
black color, good plant cover, excellent yields. Released.
(C.H. Cadregari)
- Lettuce
- MSU 21. S. Honma, Department of Horticulture, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823. Vigorous
leaf lettuce, maturing 7-10 days earlier than Grand
Rapids. Leaves slightly darker green than Grand Rapids.
Advanced trial.
- T-15. T.W. Tibbitts, Horticulture Department, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. Head lettuce with
resistance to bolting and tip burn, bright green color.
Compare with Ninetto. Advanced trial.
- Muskmelon
- GS192. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co. Inc., Rochester,
New York 14624. Early, well netted, good ribbing,
small seed cavity, good color. Compare with Gold Star.
Advanced trial. (C.H. Cadregari)
- Hybrid 70-3. Robert C. Tang, Dessert Seed Co., PO
Box 181, El Centro, California 92243. Resistant to
powdery mildew and fusarium wilt. Globular big fruit.
Small seed cavity, high quality. Compare with Harper
Hybrid. Advanced trial.
- Minn. 3. David W. Davis, Horticultural Science Dept.
University of Minn., St. Paul, Minn. 55101. Resistant
to Fusarium wilt and anthracnose, early, good combining
ability. Breeding lines.
- Minn. 553. David W. Davis. Similar to Minn. 3. Breeding
line.
- Minn. 155. Similar to Minn. 3 but fruit smaller,
round, combines well with PMR 45 for yield, fruit
shape, cavity size. Breeding line.
- Minn. P. David W. Davis. Similar to Minn. 3 but
fruit smaller round, combines well with PMR 45 for
yield, fruit shape, cavity size. Breeding line.
- For additional melons available from Harrow, Ontario,
see research note by V.W. Nuttall.
- Onion (Hybrids)
- D1451. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Seed Co., Inc.,
3670 Buffalo Road, Rochester, New York. Excellent
color, deep globe, high yield, long storage. Compare
with Elba Globe, Copperskin. Advanced trial. (C.H.
Cadregari)
- D1951. E.W. Scott. Early excellent color, good skin,
larger size than spice types, good storage life. Compare
with Autumn Spice. To be released. (C.H. Cadregari)
- D4351. E.W. Scott. Excellent color, good storage
life, high yield. Compare with Spartan Banner. To
be released. (C.H. Cadregari)
- Pepper
- Staddon-36. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Inc.,
Rochester, New York 14624. Compact plant, blocky fruit,
early. Compare with Staddon Select. To be released.
(C.H. Cadregari)
- Southern Pea
- Arkansas 67-522. John L. Bowers, Department of Horticulture
and Forestry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville,
Ark. 72701. Bush type and concentrated pod set in
the cream group, very good processing quality. Compare
with Texas Cream 40. Advanced trial.
- Ark. 67-542. John L. Bowers. Distinct bush type,
and concentrated pod set in the Purple Hull group.
Comparable processing qualities to these of the Crimson
variety. Pod set is more concentrated than for the
latter and distinctly bush type. Compare with Crimson
and Burgandy. Advanced trial.
- Sweet Corn
- Everyoung. Mr. C.A. Davenport, The O & G Seed
Company, PO Box #787, Caldwell, Idaho 83605. Produces
long cylindrical ears on plants with very moderate
tillering. Has an extended period in the edible stage
with both pericarp and color remaining desirable.
Compare with Jubilee. Advanced trial. (Stuart N. Smith)
- Fancyfine. C.A. Davenport. Strong, vigorous early
growth. Tender pericarp with high row count and free
from oval ears. Compare with Midway. Preliminary trial.
(Stuart N. Smith)
- NCX 223. Dr. Tom V. Williams, PO Box 2508, El Macero,
Cal. 95618. Excellent quality, good color, tender
pericarp, 18 rows, fresh market or processing. Late
midseason maturity. Compare with Gold Cup, Tendermost.
Advanced trial.
- NCX 232. Dr. Tom V. Williams. Long (8") cylindrical
ears with straight (16-18) rows, excellent color,
fresh market type, 80 day maturity. Compare with FM
Cross, NK 199. Advanced trial.
- NCX 233. Dr. Tom V. Williams. Moderately large ear
with good flag leaves for fresh market, deep kernels,
18-20 rows, 83 day maturity. Compare with Vanguard,
Merit. Advanced trial.
- VH 641. E.A. Kerr, Horticultural Research Institute
of Ontario, Ontario Dept. of Agriculture and Food,
Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada. 12-14 rows, high
quality, excellent appearance. Compare with Summertreat.
Advanced trial.
- VH 652. E.A. Kerr. 14-16 rows, good tip cover, appearance
and eating quality. Compare with Seneca 110. Advanced
trial.
- VH 701. E.A. Kerr. 12-14 rows, good tip cover, quality
and appearance. Compare with Summertreat. Preliminary
trial.
- VH 702. E.A. Kerr. Large ear, 12-16 rows, high eating
and freezing quality. Compare with Belle Seneca 110.
Advanced trial.
- Spring White. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Rochester,
N.Y. 14624. Early hybrid similar in season to Spring
Gold. Released but not catalogued.
- WH 2339. E.W. Scott. White hybrid 12 days earlier
than Silver Queen, Gold Cup type plant, ear, yield,
and quality. Preliminary trial.
- WH 2479. E.W. Scott. White hybrid 10 days earlier
than Silver Queen, Gold Cup type plant, ear, yield,
and quality. Advanced trial.
- WH 2639. E.W. Scott. White hybrid 3-4 days earlier
than Silver Queen, good yield, more compact plant.
To be released.
- XP 420. James Matheson, Agway Inc., Prospect, Pa.
16052. Three days earlier, larger ear, same quality
as Butter and Sugar. Yellow and white kernels. Advanced
trial.
- Tomato
- Manapal VT. Paul G. Smith, Department of Vegetable
Crops, University of California, Davis, California
95616. Manapal type with resistance to verticillium
and tobacco mosaic, 6th backcross to Manapal incorporating
TM-2a and Ve genes into variety. Compare with Manapal.
To be released. Seed will be available about June
1, 1971.
- V Manapal. Paul G. Smith. Verticillium resistant
selection from Manapal variety. Breeding stock, limited
seed supply.
- Niagara VF 315. Dr. Tom V. Williams, PO Box 2508,
El Macero, California 95618. Western machine harvest
variety, high consistency, excellent color, round,
very firm fruit, 5 days earlier than 7879, high %
peelability. Compare with VF 145-7879, Centennial.
To be released.
- Niagara VF 317. Dr. Tom V. WIlliams. Similar to
VF 315 but more vine cover, 7879 maturity. To be released.
- Nova. R.W. Robinson, Vegetable Crops Department,
NY Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York
14456. Very high consistency; resistant to verticillium,
fusarium, and late blight; early; elongated fruit,
suitable for processing, particularly for concentrated
products. Compare with Roma. To be released.
- R. 52. Bruinsma Hybrid Seed Co., Postbus 24 Naaldwijk,
The Netherlands. A hybrid with resistance to verticillium,
fusarium, and nematodes; indeterminate; red, round
4-5 oz. fruit; primarily selected for greenhouse cultivation
but also did well in open field trials. Looked very
promising in South Europe and West Africa. To be released.
(Harm Drewes)
- Sunset. L.C. Peirce, Department of Plant Science,
Nesmith Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham,
N.H. 03824. Determinate, uniformly large fruit, high
yield, adapted as 2nd early to Northern areas, not
resistant to verticillium wilt. Compare with Starfire.
Released.
- Traveler. Joe McFerran, Department of Horticulture,
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark. 72701.
Indeterminate pink, very smooth, crack resistant.
Compare with Gulf State Market, Bradley. To be released.
- Trimson. J.G. Metcalf, Smithfield Experiment Farm,
Box 340, Trenton, Ontario. Determinate vine, crimson
color, firm, crack resistant, good yield. No known
disease resistance. Compare with Trent, Rideau. To
be released.
- V 686. E.A. Kerr. Horticultural Research Institute
of Ontario, Ontario Dept. of Agriculture and Food,
Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada. Early large fruit
size, firm, crack resistant, promising for both fresh
market and processing. Compare with Veeset. Advanced
trial.
- V 701. E.A. Kerr. Very early, firm, crack resistant.
Compare with New Yorker. Advanced trial.
- V 702. E.A. Kerr. "Banana type", midseason,
thick walled, promising for sliced pack and as a sliced
salad cultivar. Compare with Roma. Advanced trial.
- V 704. E.A. Kerr. Early Roma type. Compare with
Chico III. Advanced trial.
15. Stocks Desired
Richard R. Bergquist, Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station,
University of Hawaii, Kapaa, Kauai, Hawaii 96746
We would like to know how the different genes for resistant
or tolerance react to several pathogens we have in Hawaii.
These studies will be conducted with pure strains of the
viruses or fungi. I feel it would be helpful to know how
resistance genes from widely separated sources respond to
viruses we have isolated from different hosts.
|
Stocks Desired |
Resistance or tolerance to: |
1. Cucumber: |
a. Cucumber mosaic |
|
b. Watermelon mosaic |
|
c. Powdery mildew |
|
d. Downy mildew |
|
e. Anthracnose |
2. Pepper: |
a. Tobacco mosaic |
|
b. Tomato spotted wilt |
|
c. Tobacco etch |
|
d. Potato virus y |
|
e. Bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas vesicatoria) |
3. Tomato: |
a. Tomato spotted wilt |
|
b. Tobacco mosaic |
L.M. Pike, Soil & Crop Science Department, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843 requests A&B
lines of carrots and onions with brief note on characteristics
of each. Both long and short day type onions desired.
Paul G. Smith, Department of Vegetable Crops, University
of California, Davis, California 95616
Tomato: Any tomato with market-sized fruit and vines suitable
for machine harvesting.
|
|
