Vegetable Improvement Newsletter
No. 5, February 1963
Compiled by H.M. Munger, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
1. Nematode Resistance in Phaseolus
Paul G. Smith and Adrian Gentile
Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California,
Davis
The last report on nematode resistance in beans (Phaseolus
vulgaris) was published in 1939 by Barrons (Jour. Agr.
Res. 58:263:72). He postulated resistance found in the variety
Alabama #1 to be due to the interaction of two recessive
genes. In view of the recent taxonomic revision of the root-knot
nematodes, one variety of Phaseolus coccineus and
56 varieties of P. vulgaris, including the Alabama
#1 used by Barrons, were tested for resistance to Meloidogyne
incognita, and 15 varieties of bean and one variety
of Vigna sinensis (Blackeye #5) were tested for
resistance to M. javanica and M. hapla.
All. were susceptible to the latter two nematode species,
although line 11(43)56, Isabell's Nematode Resistant (PC
51644), and Blackeye #5 were resistant to M. incognita.
Sixteen lines showed moderate to high resistance to M.
incognita, but none was immune. A few small galls,
often with females and egg masses, and light to severe root
necrosis were observed. Some variation was seen in severity
of root necrosis and in numbers of developed females, but
it remains to be determined whether this represents variation
in degree of resistance or in inoculation technique. Phaseolus
coccineus (Scarlet Runner) was also highly resistant.
Seven varieties had an abundance of females and egg masses,
but very little gall formation. These, while classes as
susceptible, probably are capable of reasonable growth in
infested soil.
The remainder were highly susceptible, showing typical
large galls and extensive root decay. A restudy of the inheritance
of resistance is under way.
More detailed information on the varieties tested and their
responses, is available to anyone interested.
2. Nature of Cabbage Downy Mildew Resistance
W. R. Sitterly
Clemson College Truck Experiment Station, Charleston,
South Carolina
Upon histological examination of the downy mildew susceptible
variety, Round Dutch, and the downy mildew resistant PI
261769 and PI 261774 cabbage lines, the following information
was noted:
On leaves of susceptible Round Dutch, sporulation was intense.
Mycelium ramified throughout the leaf intercellularly with
haustoria intracellularly. Chloroplasts faded and cell contents
clustered in one large ball in the cell. Collapsed cell
areas became dark and carbonaceous.
On leaves of the resistant PI 261769 and PI 261774, tissues
did become infected, but sporulation was very sparse. Mycelium
grows slowly in the host, but never does stop
growing. Internal position of the mycelium with regard to
host cells is the same as for susceptible leaves, but fungus
effect is not so pronounced so far ahead of the mycelium,
and chlorophyll is not destroyed as rapidly.
Although resistance is not expressed as a hypersensitive
reaction, the sparse sporulation and the considerably reduced
pace of the fungus life cycle does allow classifying these
PI lines as having good resistance
to cabbage downy mildew.
3. Severe Effects of Cucumber Mosaic Virus on Cucumber
Joseph Prend
Crop Research Department, H. J. Heinz Company, Pittsburgh,
Pa.
About July 15 very early plantings of Ohio MR17 AND Wis.
SMR 12 cucumber made in an area surrounded by many perennial
weed hosts began to exhibit severe yellowing of vines. Plants
began to die shortly thereafter and all were entirely dead
by about September 1. Soil borne wilts were suspected but
plating of roots by Dr. James Strobel of the University
of Florida indicated that no organism was present. No leaf
nor stem lesions were observed but many fruit showed cucumber
virus symptoms. A similar occurrence was recorded in Bulgaria
in 1961.
4. Gummy Stem Blight (Black Rot) of Cucurbits
W. C. Barnes and W. R. Sitterly
Clemson College Truck Experiment Station, Charleston,
South Carolina
Gummy stem blight is either becoming more of a problem
in cucurbits in the South or with the introduction of varieties
resistant to other diseases the damage carried by this pathogen
has become more apparent. Many growers have reduced the
rotation period which accentuates the problem of soil carry
over. Volunteer plants are another source of spores.
In the past no cucurbit variety was considered as having
resistance to this disease. With the introduction of PI
197087 in the South Carolina breeding program it became
evident this accession carried greater susceptibility to
gummy stem than had been observed in previous material.
In spite of efforts to select against this greater susceptibility
Polaris is slightly more susceptible than varieties such
as Ashley. Some new lines that will be ready for testing
in 1964 apparently are no more susceptible than Ashley.
Anyone using 197087 or material derived there from should
watch carefully for this undesirable characteristic.
5. Field Selection of Verticillium-Wilt Resistant Eggplant
John Wiebe
Horticulture Experiment Station Vineland Station, Ontario
Eggplant is only a very minor horticultural crop but has
been profitable for a few growers. Verticillium wilt of
eggplant is widespread and serious in all of
Southern Ontario. In 1956 a program was started to develop
a wilt-resistant variety. Resistant lines were obtained
from the U.S.D.A. Plant Introduction Service. PI lines that
proved most useful over the years were: PI 214177, PI 222269,
and PI 222833. These lines had small, oblong to long, green
fruit. There was a considerable variability within the lines
in their susceptibility to Verticillium. The most
resistant (or tolerant) plants were crossed with Black Beauty.
The F1 was intermediate in resistance. It was
easy to obtain purple-fruited lines. These lines have been
backcrossed to Black Beauty one and two more times. Selections
were made in each generation for resistance and/or desirable
horticultural characteristics.
A number of fairly uniform purple-fruited lines with a
fair level of resistance now are available. We expect to
backcross several more times in order to obtain the fruit
characteristics of Black Beauty.
Temperature tank inoculation of seedlings might speed the
selection. However, there are some indications that results
obtained this way may not parallel field selection. Our
method had been to plant in a field which has had tomatoes
and eggplant in it repeatedly. Final selections are made
at the end of the growing season.
Breeders wishing to use this material may have small amounts
of seed on request.
6. A Gene For Depth Of Corolla Cleft In The Lettuce Flower
Edward J. Ryder
U. S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, California
The ligulate corolla of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa
L.) flower is 5-toothed at the apex. The cleft between the
teeth can be classified as deep or shallow and is characteristic
for a variety.
A cross was made between USDA 6911 and USDA 6943, two crisphead
type breeding lines. Line 6911 has shallow clefts; it is
also black seeded. Line 6943 is deep clefted and white seeded.
At the time the cross was made, it was thought that 6943
was also male sterile, but this was apparently only a temporary
condition marked by lack of pollen. It was used as the female
parent and segregation of the seed color characteristic
in F2 (white is recessive) proved that a successful
cross was made.
The F1 had deep clefts. Segregation in F2
and F3 families from deep F2 plants
was as follows:
A Gene For Depth of Corolla Cleft in the Lettuce Flower
|
|
|
|
|
|
Generation |
Expected ratio |
Deep |
Shallow |
Deep |
Shallow |
X2 |
Prob. |
F2 |
3:1 |
83 |
25 |
81 |
27 |
.20 |
.50-.70 |
| F3 |
1:2 |
4 |
7 |
3.7 |
7.3 |
.05 |
.80-.90 |
One additional F3 family bred true for shallow
cleft, indicating a misreading of the F2 plant
as deep.
The data indicate that deep cleft is dominant to shallow
and a single gene accounts for the difference. It is therefore
labeled Shsh.
Mather's* method was used to calculate linkage with the
gene for seed coat color. Using F2 data, chi
square for the 9:3:3:1 ratio was partitioned into three
parts, two for the segregation of the respective characters
and one for linkage. The test indicated no linkage.
*Mather, K. 1951. The measurement of linkage in heredity.
Methuen, London.
7. Stem Doubling and Fasciation in Lakeland Head Lettuce
T.W. Tibbits
Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Under Wisconsin conditions, Lakeland head lettuce plants
frequently develop two growing points during the heading
stage which results in the production of soft puffy heads.
When left to flower, both growing points develop stems of
equal size.
The Lakeland variety also has a significant amount of stem
fasciation. This occurs on both normal and double-stemmed
plants. On the doubled plants, often one stem will fasciate
and the other will not. Both normal stems and fasciated
stems have been shown to produce normal flowers and mature
seed. In a very small percentage of the plants the stem
fasciates just as the head is forming. This also produces
a very puffy head.
8. Green-Seeded Downy Mildew-Resistant Fordhook Lima Beans
R. E. Wester
U. S. D. A. Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Maryland
Three new green-seeded downy mildew-resistant Fordhook
lima beans (U. S. 561, 861, and 1061) showed considerable
promise in Maryland, New Jersey, and Long Island in 1961
and 1962. They resisted downy mildew (Phytophthora phaseoli,
Thaxt.) strain "A" which in some years causes
considerable damage to lima beans in Maryland, Delaware,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York. Their yields equaled
or exceeded those of Fordhook 242. Plants of the new lines
are slightly shorter and more compact than those of Fordhook
242 and have short racemes that produce a heavy crop of
pods before the foliage, thus preventing flower drop which
often results from excessive heat, drought, wind, and rain.
Pods reach prime marketable condition 4 to 6 days later
than Fordhook 242 and remain in this condition several days
longer. The pods are approximately as long and thick as
Fordhook 242 but not quite so wide. The shelled beans are
slightly smaller than those of Fordhook 242 and darker green
in frozen pack. the quality of the cooked beans is excellent.
9. Summer Squash Virus Complex
W. R. Sitterly
Clemson College Truck Experiment Station, Charleston,
South Carolina
The purpose of our summer squash breeding programs to develop
varieties resistant to squash mosaic virus, and possible
cucumber mosaic virus. In 1961 and 1962, breeding lines
supposedly resistant to SMV and CMV were developing more
virus symptoms than was thought should occur - barring a
complete loss of resistant germ plasm. Upon identification
of numerous isolates by means of a standard set of cucurbit
virus differentials, watermelon mosaic virus was also found
to be present. Not only was this third virus present to
confuse project goals, field identification of specific
viruses is now uncertain. There was not only a wide range
of symptom expression for a particular virus, there was
also symptom duplication amongst the viruses involved. Field
identification of virus mixtures in a host fall into the
category of an "educated guess". Another variable
has thus been introduced requiring an evaluation of the
goals of this particular project.
10. Internode Length of Tomato Variety K.Y.1 and Its Behavior
In A Cross With Red Tip VR 9
C. A. John
Crop Research Department, H. J. Heinz Company, Pittsburgh,
Pa.
The Australian variety, K. Y. 1, is characterized by a
compact bushy plant type with short internodes. Dr. L. Butler
of the University of Toronto kindly studied the genetics
of the short internode and indicated that this is due to
the brachytic gene. It is indeterminate and bears a flattened
fruit which matures rather early and has better foliage
cover than most other early lines. As noted in the accompanying
table, ten unselected plants, Red Top VR 9 averaged 1.9
inches in internode length. An F2 population
of 91 plants was studied for internode length and plant
type. It will be noted that regardless of whether the plants
were determinate or indeterminate, the average internode
length was 1.7 inches.
Table 1. Summary of Studies on Internode Length
of K.Y.1, Red Top VR 9, and the F2Progeny of
a Cross Involving These Two Varieties, Bowling Green, 1960.
Class |
|
|
|
|
Internode Length in Inches |
K.Y. 1 |
Red Top VR 9 |
Det. F2Pop. |
Indet. F2Pop. |
0.9 -1.1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1.2 - 1.4 |
5 |
1 |
8 |
13 |
1.5 - 1.7 |
5 |
3 |
8 |
18 |
1.8 - 2.0 |
0 |
2 |
10 |
23 |
2.1 - 2.3 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
10 |
10 |
30 |
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
Variety Average |
1.5 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
11. Evaluation of Ease of Stem Removal From Tomatoes
E. A. Kerr
Horticultural Experiment Station Vineland Station, Ontario
In Ontario the stems must be removed from tomatoes sold
for strained products. Growers, therefore, want varieties
whose stems can be easily flicked off. In varieties for
mechanical harvesting it is desirable that the stems remain
on the plant or at least separate easily so that less damage
will result from stem punctures. There also seems to be
an association between the size of the core and the ease
of removal of the stem.
In 1961 and 1962 an attempt was made to evaluate ease of
stem removal. There was only a very low correlation between
ease of stem removal and the number of stems remaining on
the fruit when picked "with the stems on". Subsequently
the stems of ten fruits per replication were flicked by
drawing the thumb briskly across and back over the stem
end of the fruit. Counts were then made of the stems that
stayed on and converted to relative value by means of the
formula.
Ease of stem removal = (5 x number of stems removed) /
(total number of fruits)
This gave a rating of 0 to 5 with the higher ratings the
more desirable. The following values are based on eight
replications.
C 1327 |
1.4 |
H 1350 |
2.9 |
Rideau |
4.0 |
C 135 |
2.3 |
Fireball |
3.6 |
Glamour |
4.1 |
C 1402 |
2.4 |
ES #24 |
3.4 |
C 52 |
4.9 |
Viceroy |
2.6 |
Viscount |
3.8 |
VF 145 |
5.0 |
L.S.D. 5 % = |
0.88 |
|
|
This method of evaluation is subjective to considerable
extent. However it is rapid and when the flickering is done
by one person, it has separated varieties approximately
in the expected order.
12. Marker Characters In Tomatoes
P. A. Young
Tomato Laboratory, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station,
Jacksonville
It is nice to have a new tomato variety with a marker character
for easy recognition of the variety in the field. This helps
to keep the seeds pure. Luckily, Pinkdeal tomato has a new
marker character. The green fruits, 1 to 2 inches in diameter,
show dim lighter colored meridian stripes that disappear
as the fruits ripen. They are unlike the marker character
of Earliana variety that has dark green radiating stripes
the blossom-end of the green fruits; sometimes these stripes
remain visible in the ripe fruits.
Cherry tomatoes and some plum tomatoes commonly have unusually
small leaflets by which they can be recognized; the small-leaflet
character probably is polygenic.
White flowers make an excellent marker in tomatoes. They
are described in Texas Agr. Exp. Station Bul. 698 on Horticultural
Characters of Tomatoes. Selection T935 was selected through
many generations to make a new variety but I was unable
to eliminate one defect: the fruits averaged 3 to 4 oz.
and thus they were too small for the market. T935 tomato
has excellent resistance to catfacing. Although it is not
good enough variety in its present form, maybe someone would
like to use it in crosses to add this nice recessive marker
to other kinds of tomatoes.
W1083 has two recessive markers: white flowers and some
epinastic curling of leaflets in a genotype with large yields
of big fruits. However, the vines are nearly prostrate so
W1083 is not good enough for a new variety in its present
condition. Maybe someone would like to cross it to transfer
the white flower marker to other kinds of tomatoes.
Pearson tomato is marked by its extra dark green leaflets.
It is excellent in western United States. Unfortunately
it often shows another marker at the Tomato Laboratory at
Jacksonville, Texas. The blossom-end of the little green
fruits commonly protrudes. often with a sharp point. This
character presumably is different from those due to the
n and bk alleles. Also, it differs from Oxheart. I sent
samples of such fruits to Dr. C. M. Rick at Davis, California
and he replied that Pearson does not show this character
there. The blossom-ends of Pearson fruits are usually rounded.
Golden Sphere tomato did not become popular probably because
the ripe fruits burst in wet weather. This variety has two
markers: smooth leaflets and characteristic seedlings.
13. Shiski-Bab Tomatoes
P. A. Young
Tomato Laboratory, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station,
Jacksonville
Tomato breeders usually have discarded segregates with
small fruits as they were assumed to be unmarketable. However,
we now have two new markets for little tomatoes. For variety,
little red cherry tomatoes are chosen instead of tree cherries
in champagne glasses. Back yard grills and barbecue pits
have become popular and with them, a good demand for red
plum tomatoes for salads. A tomato buyer from the Lower
Rio Grand Valley told me how to make a shiski-bab. Take
the steel skewer and string onto it slices of bacon, onion
rings, plum tomatoes, hot dogs, etc. and toast them over
the grill. This makes fine eating. I have two kinds of tomatoes
for shiski-babs.
The search for resistance to southern blight of tomato
included a visit with a man who had recently returned from
duty in the South Pacific area. He said that people there
do not need to raise tomatoes. When someone wants tomatoes,
he walks into the forest, finds a tomato plant about 4 ft.
tall and 20 ft. long and picks off all the red cherry tomatoes
that he wants. It took a year, but the USDA kindly imported
a tomato like that for me to test; this is PI 190256, PQX18953
from Novelle Caledonia, New Hebrides Islands. I crossed
it with S1119 hot setting tomato and tested the progeny
for resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii, but found
none. The 6-year search with field tests of of tomato species,
varieties, and crosses including interspecific crosses showed
no kind with more than about 10% resistance to Sclerotium
rolfsii. However, the new hybrid cherry tomato (S1447)
has outstanding virtues: The red fruits are 1/2 to 3/4 inch
in diameter, very sweet, and thousands of them grow on very
large vigorous plants; the fruits set abundantly in very
warm weather.
The perennial search for immunity to tomato fruit cracking
continues. This is not yet attained with large tomatoes
but CP1627 red plum tomato has about 99% resistance to fruit
cracking. It came from a cross of CP1362 x PI 134208 from
India. The plants are very large with characteristic small
dark green leaflets. The red plum fruits rarely crack even
when over ripe on the plants in wet weather.
Would you like to buy cherry or plum tomatoes? They cost
35 cent per lb. in cellophane sacks or plum baskets in the
supermarket.
14. Breeding for Field Resistance to Verticillium
C. C. Wyatt
Crop Research Department, H. J. Heinz Company, Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Extreme infestations of verticillium wilt, Verticillium
albo-atrum (Reinke and Berth), were observed in isolated
tomato fields in northwestern Ohio and the Leamington, Canada
area during 1962. Tomato fields planted with verticillium
resistant varieties with the Ve gene were observed
to maintain leaf turgidity throughout the day whereas entire
fields of susceptible commercial varieties exhibited extreme
wilting of young leaflets. The tomato varieties without
the Ve gene also exhibited typical V-shaped lesions and
chlorosis. Leaves on susceptible varieties would regain
turgor during the evening, but wilting would soon occur
following exposure to sunshine.
During 1961 and 1962 studies have been conducted in the
greenhouse to determine the pathogenicity of various isolates
of verticillium from plants selected from commercial fields
in Ohio and from other sources. During 1961 and 1962 the
pathogenicity of twelve different isolates was studies using
the method suggested by O. Cannon and others. Reading for
verticillium resistance were made using size of plant, leaf
symptoms and by examination of the root by cutting with
a razor blade. The variety VF 36, Cannon 10, H 1350, and
VF 145 exhibited a very high level of resistance to the
twelve isolates.
During the years 1958, 1959, and 1960 all lines with the
Ve gen have exhibited a high level of resistance to verticillium
isolates using the technique mentioned above. In screening
breeding lines for Verticillium resistance in tomato it
has seemed best to mix a number of separate isolates and
this procedure has been successfully carried out for a number
of years. From observations made in the field during 1962
it is apparent that a worthwhile level of resistance to
verticillium can be obtained using varieties with the Ve
gene in northwestern Ohio and the tomato production area
that surrounds Leamington, Canada.
15. A Method For Reducing Air Temperatures of Flower Tissues
Protected By Gelatin Capsules
O. H. Pearson
Seed Research Specialists, Hollister, California
Gelatin capsules of 00 size are convenient protectors for
melon, cucumber, and pepper flowers in controlling pollination.
However they are highly transparent, and allow no air movement,
and tissue so protected when exposed to the sun may reach
high enough temperatures to cause damage. As far as I know,
now fully opaque kinds are available.
During this past season, in working with melons in the
central valley of California, we were able to overcome this
damage by dipping the capsules in aluminum paint. Stigmas
covered by these aluminized capsules remained succulent
for the full period after pollination, whereas those covered
with clear or pink capsules rapidly burned. While we have
no data for comparative sets with the same type of covering,
it would seem that this would eliminate one variable the
may influence success in handling this difficult crop.
16. A Method For Rearing Blow Flies For Pollination Purposes
O. H. Pearson
Seed Research Specialists, Hollister, California
The standard method of rearing blow flies on beef lungs
and allowing them to pupate in sand has caused us difficulty
in this region of low humidity. The emergence of the pupae
has been well under 10%, and even less when pupae are introduced
into small cages. A modification of the method used by the
Shell Development group has given us excellent results.
Blow fly larvae are fed to full development on beef lungs
in the open and are caught in sand trays placed under the
lung trays. A quart mason jar is filled loosely with excelsior,
and about half inch of water is added. A small handful of
larvae is placed in the jar, and it is covered with a screw
cap in which the tin lid has been replaced with a disc of
32 x 32 mesh plastic screen. The jar is kept at air temperature.
The larvae pupate at about the mid point of the jar. The
emerge all at about the same time. The jars can then be
uncovered in a large cage, or if the flies are to be used
in small branch type cages, they may be extracted by placing
a double cone fly trap over the mouth of the jar. The flies
migrate rapidly into the trap. this can be place in a refrigerator
for a few moments, and the flies emptied into a smaller
container. These containers can be carried to the field
in a bucket of ice water, and the dormant flies placed in
the small cages. It is possible to use ether technique,
but we have found that this shortens the useful life of
the insect.
17. On The Utilization of Jointless (j1) In
Tomato Breeding
M. L. Tomes, K. W. Johnson, and E. C. Stevenson
Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana
Since the shattering of fruit during pick-up by machine
harvesters promises to be a problem, the possibility of
using the jointless gene (j1) is still under
consideration. Crosses between one of Dr. Munger's uujj
lines and dwarf-vined, and between uujj and normal-vined
breeding lines were made and a number of F2 progenies
were grown in the 1962 field. In seeking desirable jointless
recombinants, the location of this gene was brought home
rather forcibly.
Five F2 progenies between dwarf lines and uujj
yielded only four jj plants. These progenies had
been selected for dwarfing in the seedling stage. Our first
though was that j was linked to d+
and that we had eliminated most of the jj plants
by discarding the normal-vined types. There were, in addition,
seven F2 progenies of crosses between d+
lines and uujj. These yielded jj plants
as follows: 3/98, 7/135, 4/118, 2/118, 6/104, 3/116, and
2 of 110. This is a total of only 27 jj plants
in 799.
In every case the dwarf or normal-vined parent possessed
resistance to Fusarium wilt. It is our practice to screen
all breeding progenies for wilt resistance. Obviously, in
the screening process most of the jointless plants were
discarded. Both j1 and I (Fusarium
immunity) are supposed to be in linkage group V. These data
suggest a fairly close linkage. By subsequent progeny tests,
three of the above 27 jj plants were found to be
susceptible. They apparently escaped the original inoculation.
An aliquot of one of the above F2 progenies
was grown elsewhere without inoculation and yielded 26 jj
plants of 141. Both in this progeny, and above, some additional
selection may have been practiced in the transplanting process,
so no linkage calculations have been attempted.
18. Downy Mildew Resistant Broccoli Breeding Material
Available From the New York State Agricultural Experiment
Station, Geneva
John J. Natti and John D. Atkin
Downy mildew incited by Peronospora parasitica
(Pers.) ex Fr. is one of the important diseases of broccoli,
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. Resistance
to the starin commonly found in New York was obtained from
a selection from the broccoli introduction PI 189082. Under
greenhouse test conditions, sporulation was sparse on the
cotyledons, and only localized spots devoid sporulation
developed on the true leaves of inoculated seedlings which
originated from this selection. Under similar conditions,
seedlings of the broccoli variety Waltham 29 were severely
infected, and sporulation was heavy on both cotyledons and
leaves. The resistance is conditioned by a single dominant
gene.
Resistance has been transferred into Waltham 29 by backcrossing
for six generations followed by two selfed generations plus
one sib cross. Several lines have been developed which differ
considerably, and probably none of the lines could be used
in their present state as commercial varieties. Under field
conditions, all lines show a high degree of resistance.
Seed of the homozygous resistant lines is very limited,
but quantities are sufficient for distribution as breeding
material to qualified plant breeders. This material will
be released with two basic restrictions as follows: (1)
if any variety should be developed from the material, the
New York State Agricultural Experiment Station at Geneva
is to be notified; and (2) seed of any varieties developed
from this material is to be made available to New York processors.
The number of plant breeders desiring to receive seed is
not known, and thus it is requested that those interested
contact the authors before March 10. The available seed
will be divided into lots sufficient to cover requests received
by that date. A "memorandum of understanding"
describing the material and explaining the conditions of
release will be sent to those expressing interest. Seed
will be mailed out upon receipt of the signed "memorandum
of understanding" at the New York State Agricultural
Experiment Station at Geneva.
Reference concerning testing techniques, etc.:
Natti, John J. 1958. Resistance of broccoli and other crucifers
to downy mildew. Plant Disease Reporter 42(5): 656-662.
19. Letter to the Editor
The following note deserves your consideration. All of
us appreciate the opportunity to exchange material. Let's
express that appreciation by exerting the necessary effort
to see that the originator receives an evaluation of the
plant material he submits. Each of us desires this for the
materials we send out. Let us be sure to extend the courtesy
to those from whom we receive uncatalogued varieties or
breeding lines.
"This variety testing does no good if a performance
report, when requested, is not sent to the originator. Of
the packets of seed distributed for trial last year, I have
had, to this date, reports from 20% of the locations. I
tried to facilitate reporting by sending a convenient mimeographed
form in September or October.
Even if the line is a failure in other locations, the breeder
wants to know. That, in fact, is the purpose of these tests.
If the intent is to use a line as a parent, some evaluation
is made during the season. If it is just an opinion, express
it. Otherwise, this potentially valuable system of extensive
testing will deteriorate."
L.C. Peirce
20. Uncatalogued Vegetable Varieties Available for Trial
in 1963
This list is aimed at facilitating the exchange of information
about potential new varieties, or new varieties which have
not yet appeared in catalogues. Persons conducting vegetable
variety trials who wish seed of items on this list should
request samples from the sources indicated.
It is the responsibility of the person sending out seed
to specify that it is for trial only, or any other restriction
he may want to place on its use.
Crops are listed alphabetically, with lima beans and sweet
corn listed under "L" and "S". For each
entry the following information is given: designation, source
of trial samples, outstanding characteristics, variety suggested
for comparison (not given separately if mentioned in description),
status of variety (preliminary trial, advanced trial, to
be released, or released), and contributor of information
if different from source of trial samples. Where several
samples are listed consecutively from one source, the address
is given only for the first.
- Bean (Snap bean unless otherwise stated)
- OSU Bushes. W. A. Frazier, Oregon State University,
Horticulture Dept., Corvallis, Oregon. Blue Lake backcross
derived bush beans. Approach to Blue Lake pod; sensitive
to heat. Advanced trial.
- Broccoli
- Virginia 116-2-1-3. Edward A. Borchers, Virginia
Truck Experiment Station, P.O. Box 2160, Norfolk 1,
Virginia. Large center heads; moderately early maturing.
No more uniform than Waltham 29, but gives a higher
total yield in the Norfolk, Virginia area. Preliminary
trial.
- Cabbage
- PI 245000. H.N. Metcalf, Plant and Soil Science
Dept., Montana State College, Bozeman, Montana. An
excellent source of red color. Address request for
trial sample to Regional Plant Introduction Station.
- Cantaloupe
- 62-80. F.C. Stark, Horticulture Dept., University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. Wilt resistant;
high soluble solids. Compare with Hales Best Jumbo.
Advanced trial.
- Cucumber
- H-153. Paul Thomas, Peto Seed Company, P.O. Box
138, Saticoy, California. Early, mosaic and mildew
resistant slicing hybrid. Compare with Ashley. Preliminary
trial.
- Eggplant
- Solanum melongena. S.W. Braverman, Plant
Introduction Station, N.Y. State Agricultural Experiment
Station, Geneva, N.Y. Verticillium-tolerant. Fifth
generation self selections out of PI 169650, 169666,
171851, 176759, 204731 (Turkey) which show moderate
to high tolerance to Verticillium albo atrum. Compare
with Black Beauty. Preliminary trial.
- Lettuce
- OAC-65. M.H. Dickson, Horticulture Dept., Ontario
Agricultural College, Guelph, Canada. Root rot tolerance.
This line is not immune to root rot, but has a high
tolerance compared to all commercial varieties. Compare
with Imp.456. Preliminary trial.
- Ottawa selection out of PI 211118. V.W. Nuttall,
Genetics and Plant Breeding Research Institute, C.D.A.
Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Large head,
good quality, slow-bolting, tolerant to tipburn. This
line represents four consecutive years of selection
for the characteristics listed. It is comparatively
late but performs well in hot weather. Compare with
White Boston and/or Sweetheart. Preliminary trial.
- Francisco. Edward J. Ryder. U.S. Agricultural Research
Station, P.O. Box 98 - Alisal Branch, Salinas, California.
Uniformity, vigor, earliness (3-4 days before standard
variety). Compare with Great Lakes 118. Released 1/1963.
- Lima Bean
- U.S. 561. R.E. Wester. USDA Crops Research Division,
Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Maryland. Heat
resistance; green-seeded Fordhook, resistance to downy
mildew strain A. Compare with Fordhook 242. Advanced
trial. To be released 1964 or 1965.
- U.S. 861. R.E. Wester. Heat resistant, green-seeded
Fordhook, resistant to downy mildew strain A. Compare
with Fordhook 242. Advanced trial. To be released
1964 or 1965.
- U.S. 1061. R.E. Wester. Heat resistant, green-seeded
Fordhook, resistant to downy mildew strain A. Compare
with Fordhook 242. Advanced trial. To be released
1964 or 1965.
- Muskmelon
- Hybrid 16. T.M. Currence, Horticulture Dept., University
of Minnesota, St. Paul 1, Minnesota, or K.E. Relyea,
Farmer Seed & Nursery Co., Faribault, Minnesota.
Early, productive, good quality. A good combination
of earliness, quality and vigor; is an F1 between
a monoecious line and Delicious 51. To be released.
- OSU. W.A. Frazier, Horticulture Dept., Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon. Early, golden rind,
slip-type honeydew. Distinct melon type. Advanced
trial.
- 42-61-1-3. L.C. Peirce, Horticulture Dept., Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa. High quality, hard rind
suitable for shipping, Queen type, heavy net. No resistance
to Fusarium wilt, since this disease is no factor
in Iowa commercial production. Somewhat late maturing.
Compare with Harvest Queen or Schoon's. Preliminary
trial.
- Onion
- Pacesetter. Wilbur Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Rochester
11, New York. Uniform early maturity, fair to good
yield, very hard with excellent skin and color. Compare
with Autumn Spice. To be released.
- Spartan Gem. C.E. Peterson, Horticulture Dept.,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
or to: Hybrid onion seed producers. Late, very hard,
high yielding, pungent, designed for mechanical harvest
and bulk storage. Widely distributed for experimental
and commercial trials in 1961 and 1962 under the pedigree
MSU728 x MSU611. Compare with Brigham or Downing Yellow
Globe. Released.
- Spartan Era. C.E. Peterson. Medium late, very hard,
for mechanical harvest and bulk storage. Pedigree
Iowa 736 x MSU611 - widely tested in commercial fields
in 1962. Compare with Brigham or Downing Yellow Globe.
Released.
- Pepper
- 60-38-n. S. Honma, Horticulture Dept., Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Mich. Early, thick-fleshed,
initial set very heavy good yielder. Compare with
Vinedale or Yolo Wonder. To be released.
- 61-535-1. S. Honma. Early, thick-fleshed, initial
set very heavy. Compare with Vinedale or Yolo Wonder.
To be released.
- NH #PG62. E.M. Meader, Horticulture Dept., University
of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H. Permagreen sweet pepper,
both immature and ripe fruits dark green color. Mature
fruits may show slight superficial skin cracks. Compare
with any early sweet pepper. Preliminary trial.
- Early Wonder. Paul Thomas, Peto Seed Co., P.O. Box
138, Saticoy, Calif. Carrying resistance to mosaic.
Compare with Early Calwonder. To be released.
- 1003-205. A.E. Thompson, Horticulture Dept., University
of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. Has early and total
yielding capacity of Allbig and much of the desirable
fruit characteristics of Yolo Wonder. Significantly
outyielded Yolo Wonder and Keystone Resistant Giant
in replicated trials for both early and total yield
in 1961 and 1962 in Illinois; is an F10
of a cross between Allbig x Yolo Wonder. Slightly
lower yielding than 1003-201, but fruits are smoother.
Superior to Illinois #6 in yield, fruit shape, and
plant type. Advanced trial.
- Rutabaga
- NH #W62. E.M. Meader, Horticulture Dept., University
of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H. New salad-type roots;
white flesh; mild raw flavor, delicate cooked flavor;
red shoulders and neckless tops. True-breeding variety
from colchicined sterile (chinese cabbage x red cabbage)
x rutabaga. Preliminary trial.
- Southern Pea
- Virginia 59-119 Cream Pea. W.H. Brittingham, Virginia
Truck Experiment Station, P.O. Box 2160, Norfolk 1,
Virginia. Early, no runners, long pod, bunch, concentrated
bearing. Earliness and lack of vineyness warrant testing
at higher latitudes and under longer day to introduce
a new vegetable in northern area. Compare with Long
Pod Cream types. Advanced trial.
- Princess Anne Blackeye Pea. W.H. Brittingham. Early,
no runners, bunch, concentrated bearing. Should be
tested in higher latitudes and under long day to determine
any tendency to vineyness. Compare with Cal. No. 5
Blackeye. To be released. (formerly Virginia 59-8).
- Spinach
- Hybrid 56. W.L. Hollis and R.E. Webb. Fall type
(not long standing). Heavily savoyed. Dark green stem,
moderately tall, erect, fast growing. Leaves dark
green. Good recovery, blue mold and mosaic resistant.
Compare with Dixie Market, Virginia Savoy. A joint
release in February 1962 by USDA and Maryland Agricultural
Experiment Station.
- Savoy Hybrid 56. R.E. Webb, USDA, Plant Industry
Station, Beltsville, Maryland. Dark green , heavily
savoyed, erect, excellent fresh market and freezing
quality, and mildew resistant. Savoy spinach Hybrid
56 is a fall type spinach and has proven outstanding
in productivity and quality on the Eastern shore of
Maryland and Virginia. Just released.
- Sweet Corn
- Tastyvee. E.A. Kerr, Horticultural Experiment Station,
Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada. Excellent holding
ability, outstanding flavor for fresh market and freezing.
Tested as VH 605. Compare with Seneca Chief. To be
released.
- 62.H-111. W.H. Lachman, Horticulture Dept., University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. Narrow kernel, high
row count, good quality. Compare with North Star.
Preliminary trial.
- 62.H-48. W.H. Lachman. Narrow kernel, high row count,
good quality. Compare with North Star. Preliminary
trial.
- Gold Eagle L. Wilbur Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Inc.,
Rochester 11, N.Y. High yielding market type hybrid
corn with better tip cover than Gold Eagle. Compare
with Golden Security. To be released.
- Southern Belle. Wilbur Scott. High degree of helminthosporium
resistance. Market type ear and husk. Compare with
Iobelle. To be released.
- White Silk Big Chief. Wilbur Scott. Mid-season hybrid
with small deep kernels, fair quality, possible use
as processor. Compare with Iochief. Advanced trial.
- Tendercrisp. Stuart N. Smith, Seed Research Specialists,
Inc., 114 Kellogg Avenue, Ames, Iowa. Narrow kernel
with durable tenderness. Bright gold color; rich flavor.
To be released.
- Tomato
- Lycopersicon escul. D.D. Dolan, Plant Introduction,
N.Y. State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva,
N.Y. Cold-germinating tomato selection. We have 85-90
selections from different PI numbers, the seeds of
which germinate strongly at 50° F. Compare with
Fireball. Preliminary trial.
- 439 cherry, OSU 435, OSU 395. W.A. Frazier, Horticulture
Dept., Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
Determinate, smooth, medium early types, good color
(except 439 cherry - early). Advanced trial.
- H-1417 (VF). H.J. Heinz Co., Crop Research Dept.,
Bowling Green, Ohio. Verticillium and Fusarium resistant;
good yield; crack resistance, moderately firm. Compare
with Rutgers. Preliminary trial.
- H-1439 (VF). H.J. Heinz Co. Verticillium and Fusarium
resistant; large size, excellent crack resistance.
Not very firm. Preliminary trial.
- H-1498 (F). H.J. Heinz Co. Excellent crack resistance;
moderate firmness; fusarium resistance; small plant.
Compare with Epoch. Preliminary trial.
- VH 602. E.A. Kerr, Horticultural Experiment Station,
Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada. Leaf mold immunity.
Greenhouse use. Compare with Michigan-Ohio hybrid.
Advanced trial.
- V 621. E.A. Kerr. Day or two after Fireball, smooth,
better structure. Advanced trial.
- Vantage. E.A. Kerr. Solid, medium-size fruit. Immune
from leaf mold. Better crack resistance than most
greenhouse varieties, u. Tested as V 595. Greenhouse
use. Compare with Vinequeen. To be released.
- Viscount. E.A. Kerr. Whole pack processing. Productive,
good crack resistance, very smooth, u sp. Tested as
V 624. Compare with Glamour. To be released.
- Mo. Hybrid 20-St-15. V.N. Lambeth, 1-49 New Agr.
Bldg., University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. Large
meaty fruits; very prolific; Fusarium resistant. Entered
in STEP trials as No. 382. Advanced trial.
- Mo. Hybrid 22-St-5. V.N. Lambeth. Large uniform-ripening
fruits, highly crack resistant; Fusarium resistant.
Compare with Glamour. Advanced trial.
- 68-71. O.H. Pearson, Seed Research Specialists,
Inc., Research and Development Div., 5175 Route 152,
Hollister, California. V.F. resistant; uniform ripening;
large determinate vine; deep globe shipper type. A
stock derived from VF 11. Probable western adaptation
only. Compare with Early Pack type. Advanced trial.
- 61-16. D.H. Wallace, Plant Breeding Dept., Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York. Early, concentrated
set, compact plant; relatively free of cracks; not
uniform ripening. Derived from a cross between Cornell
54-149 and Gardener. Compare with Fireball. Preliminary
trial.
- Porte. R.E. Webb, USDA, Plant Industry Station,
Beltsville Maryland. Fusarium and Verticillium wilt
resistance; productivity, and fresh market quality.
Has been outstanding in productivity after two years
in replicated trials Beltsville, Maryland, compared
to standard locally grown varieties. It is compared
very favorably with similar varieties in observational
trials in southern New Jersey. Compare with Rutgers.
To be released. (Seed available for trials.)
- I 57-174. John Wiebe, Horticultural Experiment Station,
Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada. Extreme earliness.
Compare with Fireball. Preliminary trial.
- CP1951-42. Paul A. Young, Tomato Disease Laboratory,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Route 2, Jacksonville,
Texas. Fruits are very firm, dark red, puff resistant,
and have strong resistance to fruit cracking in first
3 weeks of picking season. Fruits average about 5
oz. or larger. Plants are large, indeterminate or
semi-determinate; wilt resistant like Homestead. Not
much seed left now; big crops in 1962.
- Pinkdeal. Paul A. Young. Very strong resistance
to fruit cracking; moderate resistance to heat sterility;
large fruits even late in season; uniform ripening;
high yields; for fresh market. Seed now on market.
Commercially available from: D.V. Burrell Seed Growers
Co., Rocky Ford, Colorado; Ferry-Morse Seed Co., Mountain
View, California; Peto Seed Co., Saticoy, California;
Porter & Son, Stephenville, Texas; and Reuter
Seed Co., New Orleans, Louisiana.
- Watermelon
- 59-7. C.F. Andrus, U.S. Vegetable Breeding Laboratory,
P.O. Box 3348, St. Andrews Branch, Charleston, S.C.
Medium-size shipper. Anthracnose and sunburn resistant.
Round, gray, 16 lbs. Compare with Peacock. Released
to seedsmen Dec. 3, 1962: Graybelle.
- Tetra. C.F. Andrus. Small to medium size; hard rind,
firm flesh, small seed. Three tetraploid stocks: Tetra
1, Tetra 2, Tetra 3, and three corresponding diploids
released for the production of experimental triploids.
Released to seedsmen breeders on Dec. 3, 1962.
- Crimson Sweet. Charles V. Hall, Dept. of Horticulture
and Landscape Architecture, Kansas State University,
Waters Hall, Manhattan, Kansas. Round, striped, high
sugar content; anthracnose and wilt resistance. To
be released in 1964.
21. Stocks Desired
- Asparagus
- Lines with single gene foliage or flower markers.
L.C. Peirce, Horticulture Dept., Iowa State University,
Ames, Iowa.
- Bean
- Upright bush beans approaching Blue Lake pod quality;
bacterial blight resistant material. Bush types with
tender, non-stringy, flat pods. Heat tolerant lines.
Lines with extreme pod concentration. W.A. Frazier,
Horticulture Dept., Oregon State University, Corvallis,
Oregon.
- Crucifers
- Glossy, bloomless, or waxless mutants. D.W. Denna,
Horticulture Department, Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, Colorado.
- Eggplant
- Lines resistant to Verticillium wilt. Paul Thomas,
Peto Seed Company, P.O. Box 138, Saticoy, California.
- Lettuce
- Head lettuce - resistance to rib blight and tipburn.
T.W. Tibbitts, Horticulture Dept., University of Wisconsin,
Madison 6, Wisconsin.
- Muskmelon
- Lines with the perfect flowering habit or ag genotype.
D.W. Denna, Horticulture Dept., Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, Colorado.
- Lines showing some resistance to crown blight. L.C.
Peirce, Horticulture Dept., Iowa State University,
Ames, Iowa.
- Onion
- I would like to receive Downy mildew, Pink root
and/or Botrytis resistant onion lines. Warren S. Barham,
Sunspiced Division, Basic Vegetable Products, Inc.,
Vacaville, California.
- Pepper
- Lines resistant to Verticillium wilt. Paul Thomas,
Peto Seed Company, P.O. Box 138, Saticoy, California.
- Squash
- Cucurbita pepo - resistant to Mosaic. Paul
Thomas, Peto Seed Company, P.O. Box 138, Saticoy,
California.
- Tomato
- Breeding material or varieties for trial which are
able to set fruit at 80° F. at night and 100°
F. or more in the daytime. LeVern Lorenz, Box 52,
Isabella, Oklahoma.
AVAILABLE for plant breeders are stocks of pepper (Capsicum
annuum) highly resistant to root rot caused by Phytophthora
capsici, and tomatoes with moderate resistance to tobacco
mosaic, derived from Solanum pennellii. Paul G.
Smith, Vegetable Crops Dept., University of California,
Davis, California.
|
|
