Vegetable Improvement Newsletter
No. 7, February 1965
Compiled by H.M. Munger, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
1. Release of Md. 63-84, a Bush Blue Lake Breeding Line
Robert J. Snyder
Department of Horticulture, University of Maryland
The Maryland Station has released Md. 63-84 as a bush
Blue Lake breeding line. It has been inbred 7 generations
following a cross of Seminole x Asgrow B.L. 92. In 1964,
it was evaluated as a processing variety at 14 different
locations throughout the United States. Although it has
undesirable characteristics which rule it out as a new processing
variety, it does have desirable characteristics sought for
in a bush Blue Lake. A description is as follows:
Plant Habit - stems rather weak which bend over when pods
become heavy; leaves small in comparison with other bush
Blue Lake types; plant height 17"; pods borne high,
scattered, and produced on extended cluster bearing spurs.
The bush habit has been rated fair to good although at several
locations it did not appear to be adaptable to mechanical
harvesting; concentration of pod set is good.
Fresh Pod Type - pod length short (4"); shape is round,
unusually straight, plump, and smooth (no pubescence or
bumps); internal and external color dark green. Pods are
attractive in appearance.
Processed Pods - color, flavor, and firmness are equivalent
to pole Blue Lake; seeds at all stages are very small and
the locular cavity remains small so that the fleshy tissue
remains succulent and intact for an unusually long period
of time; although fiber content is higher than in most bush
varieties, satisfactory levels of fiber are maintained through
the stage of prime harvest.
Yield - equal to Asgrow Bush Blue Lake XP 240, at all locations
where yield records were taken.
Dry Seeds - white, very small, and easily threshed from
pods.
2. Inheritance of Male Sterility in Table Beets, Beta
vulgaris L.
F.A. Bliss and W.H. Gabelman
Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin
A study of inheritance of male sterility was made in families
derived from cross pollinations of table beet cultivars
with sugar beet material known to contain cytoplasmic-genic
factors conditioning male sterility. Progenies of appropriate
matings suggest that phenotypically stable male sterility
results from an interaction of two recessive genes with
S cytoplasm. The completely dominant allele of the gene
(X) restores male fertility and the dominant allele of a
second gene (Z), which is independent of an hypostatic to
(X) restores partial male fertility to plants having S cytoplasm.
Plants containing N cytoplasm appeared to be male fertile
regardless of the particular alleles of the genes X and
Z which were present.
3. Bees in Pollination Cages
W.C. Barnes
Clemson University Truck Experiment Station
The use of cages with bees as pollinators has become a
necessity in many breeding and seed maintenance programs.
Many bees are lost and the colonies become weakened when
used in these cages. It was found in clover breeding at
Clemson that there was no cross pollination with plants
on the outside when an opening was made in both ends of
the frame and it was placed so that one opening was in the
cage and the other outside. Using this system with cabbage
during the current winter adequate bee activity has been
observed in the cages. Loss of bees has been of no consequence
and the colonies are progressing much better than when caged.
A check on possible crossing should be obtained since there
is a flowering broccoli field within flight distance.
4. Inheritance of resistance in carrot, Daucus carota
var. sativa to the leaf spot fungus, Cercospora
carotae
F.F. Angell and W.H. Gabelman
Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin
A greenhouse seedling test was used to screen experimental
carrot lines for resistance to Cercospora carotae (Pass.)
Solheim and to assay lines segregating for resistance. Variability
within tests was minimized by using a highly pathogenic
fungus isolate, high inoculum concentration, and controlled
temperature. Highly reproducible results were obtained when
inbred lines, F1 hybrids, and segregating populations
were tested. Greenhouse disease ratings were in agreement
with field ratings.
A single dominant gene in the experimental inbred line
WCR1 was shown to control Cercospora leaf spot resistance
when tested against four different sources of susceptibility.
Single dominant gene control of purple petiole in the experimental
inbred line TS1 was also shown. There was independent inheritance
of the single genes controlling Cercospora resistance and
purple petiole.
5. Longitudinal Cracking in Carrots
M.H. Dickson
New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva
Cracking is a serious problem in many carrot varieties
but especially in the Nantes types. The extent of natural
cracking varies considerably depending on the age of the
root and on the seasonal variation of the environment, especially
soil moisture. By pricking the root with a knife it is possible
to distinguish plants with a genetic tendency to crack but
not expressing it phenotypically, irrespective of the seasonal
variation. It was found best to jab the root about 1/3 of
the way down with a fairly broad bladed pocket knife. This
should be done as soon as possible after the roots have
been pulled from the soil; if they are allowed to lie for
even ten minutes they will start to wilt and will not crack
so readily. Using this technique, it was found that inbred
lines which cracked anywhere from 0 - 50% in many cases
cracked 100% using the pricking technique, while other lines
would not crack at all. It appears that cracking is dominant
to non-cracking.
6. Use of Antibiotic in the Breeding of Celery
Shigemi Honma
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University
Loss of selected matured celery plants from soft rot when
moved from the field to the greenhouse for seed production
was greatly reduced by spraying the crown with antibiotic.
Plants were sprayed with Agrimycin at a concentration of
100 ppm at weekly intervals from transplanting to seed maturity.
7. Crosses Among Cucumis Species
C.F. Andrus and George Fassuliotis
U.S. Vegetable Breeding Laboratory, Charleston, S.C.
Fassuliotis and Rau (Pl. Dis. Reptr. 47(9):809. 1963) confirmed
the earlier observation of Winstead and Sasser (Pl. Dis.
Reptr. 40:272-275. 1956) that Cucumis anguria, the
West Indian gherkin, has a high level of resistance to the
cotton rootknot nematode. The apparent absence of such resistance
in any cultivated stocks of either Cucumis melo
(cantaloupe) or Cucumis sativus (cucumber) led
us to start a series of interspecific crosses within the
genus. Thus far the following crosses appear successful:
- C. anguria x C. africanus
- C. anguria x C. hookeri
- C. anguria x C. humifructus
- C. anguria x C. longipes
- C. anguria x C. myriocarpus
- C. anguria x C. zeyheri
- C. dipsaceus x C. anguria
- C. prophetarum x C. anguria
- C. dipsaceus x C. zeyheri
- C. prophetarum x C. dipsaceus
- C. prophetarum x C. hookeri
- C. zeyheri x C. hookeri
- C. zeyheri x C. longipes
The F1 hybrid of C. anguria x C. hookeri
is self-fertile and also appears to be fertile in outcrosses
to the species C. anguria, C. africanus, C. hardwickii,
C. ghetto, C. humifructus, and C. myriocarpus,
and the the hybrid of C. zeyheri x C. longipes.
Most other F1 hybrids show partial to complete
self-sterility and outcross only selectively. Many possible
crosses have not yet been tested. Among these crosses attempted
there have been many kinds and degrees of sterility, but
there is hopeful indication that among the hybrids one will
be found through which the barrier to hybridization of C.
anguria x C. melo can be overcome. A few
seed of some interspecific hybrids can be supplied to other
breeders if requested.
8. Gibberellin on Cucumbers
W.C. Barnes
Clemson University Truck Experiment Station
The use of gibberellin to induce flowering in gynoecious
cucumbers has not worked out as well as desired, especially
in the western seed growing areas. It has been found that
the dosage must be varied according to the genetical line
being treated. For example, it requires at least 1500 ppm
to give as good results with SC 54 slicer as it does with
SC 3 pickle. Of even greater importance has been the necessity
to vary interval according to plant growth. Once a week
appears to be adequate in early spring but an interval of
4 to 5 days has been necessary to obtain equal results when
plantings were made in August. All treatments have been
started in the cotyledon to first true leaf stage.
9. Further Studies on Polyploidy in Cucumis sativus
L.
J.L. Bowers
University of Arkansas
In the 1964 Newsletter, it was pointed out that tetraploid
cucumber plants had been obtained by soaking cucumber seed
in the cracked seed coat stage and also by applying the
0.2 percent colchicine solution to the growing point of
seedlings. Furthermore, it was noted that low fertility
(seed production) was encountered in tetraploid plants.
Both acetocarmine and the 1.5 percent tetrazolium chloride
solution staining of fresh pollen grains and germination
on .2 percent agar media point out that a high percentage
of the pollen grains from tetraploid plants are functional.
A cross between Gy 34 (gynoecious line) and Pixie at the
tetraploid level has resulted in a slight increase in female
fertility. Another cross at the tetraploid level between
Gy 34 and the Russian accession obtained through Dr. C.E.
Peterson has given offspring which show slightly greater
seed set than has been observed in the other tetraploid
lines.
A program has been started to determine if doubling of
F1 hybrids developed from crosses between unrelated
parents would give rise to more fertile tetraploids. The
tetraploids have been obtained and the first generation
from these tetraploids will be grown in the greenhouse this
spring. These tetraploids were obtained by both methods
of colchicine treatment. The seedling treatment appeared
to be more effective in the induction of polyploids than
the seed soak treatment.
Some of the characteristics, observed in young seedlings
affected by the colchicine, were thickened hypocotyl, thickened
cotyledons, white margin around edges of cotyledon that
later cracked and the first true leaf as well as subsequent
leaves showed more serration in the leaf edges than diploid
leaves.
The work will be continued to select for higher fertility
and to test triploid hybrids on the basis of seedlessness
and productivity.
10. Resistance to Watermelon Mosaic in Cucumber
J.C. Gilbert and Jack S. Tanaka
Department of Horticulture, University of Hawaii
Watermelon mosaic virus is commonly present in both commercial
cucumber plantings and experimental fields at lower elevations
in Hawaii. Local growers have complained that the "mosaic
resistance" attributed by seed catalogs to new varieties
and hybrids from the mainland does not hold up here in many
cases. Since 1949 the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station
has been testing cucumber accessions and selections to discover
potential sources of resistance to combinations of the more
common cucurbit viruses present here. As a result of hand
inoculations of seedlings, a single plant selection made
in 1950 from seed supplied by Dr. Munger was found to differ
from the parental line in both a greater tolerance to W.M.V.
and in a number of fruit characters. The latter were inferior
to the parental line but the resistance to both cucumber
and watermelon mosaic was established in various derivatives
and has always proved better than anything else received
here in subsequent tests. Seed from this source was supplied
to any who asked for it under the local name "Ilima"
and, when resistance to powdery mildew was added, under
selection numbers such as 60-G-8. In the latter, the first
number refers to the year and the letter in the middle to
the planting in that year's series.
In crosses with the Cornell line, 55-740, there appeared
to be a single recessive gene in Ilima which conferred the
added tolerance to watermelon mosaic. Both lines were resistant
to cucumber mosaic here. Because of possible strain variations
in these viruses, no published statements were made regarding
the additional mosaic resistance in the Ilima selection.
More recently it has been found that some strains of W.M.V.
or combinations with other viruses appear capable of producing
some foliar symptoms on lines with the Ilima type resistance
but that the latter still grow well and produce marketable
fruit in plants inoculated by aphids. The cucumber mosaic
resistant hybrids from commercial sources were stunted and
died sooner than the former in these tests. This suggests
that this partial resistance to watermelon mosaic virus
should be retained and added to commercial types in areas
like Hawaii where W.M.V. is a common problem. New hybrids
with this type of resistance have outyielded the most popular
C.M.V. resistant commercial hybrid here by a ratio of nearly
3 to 1 when the added resistance was present in both parents.
These field grown plants were subject to natural (aphid)
inoculation only.
11. Pipe Cleaners as Flower Closures
R.M. Bailey
Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono
For several years, we have used sections of pipe cleaners
as flower closures for hand pollination of melons, cucumbers
and squash. The cleaners are cut to lengths appropriate
for the species to be pollinated. They are soft enough not
to injure the flowers, flexible enough to be readily applied
and sufficiently rigid to keep the flowers closed.
12. Breeders Stock of Maine 41-60 Melon
R.M. Bailey
Plants and Soils Department, University of Maine
A small supply of Maine 41-60, monoecious flowered inbred
melon line (C. melo), is available for distribution.
This line may be of interest in the production of experimental
early hybrids. Up to 100 seeds will be sent, as long as
the supply permits, to breeders who make requests.
13. Mosaic Tolerance in European Cantaloupes
H.M. Munger
Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University
In 1964 we had a melon planting which included a wide range
of types. Cucumber mosaic began to appear in the planting
at blossoming time and gradually spread through it. Two
European cantaloupes, Hochgenuss and Charentais, showed
some mottling of leaves but markedly less stunting than
our commercial varieties.
By the time fruit began to ripen, virtually every plant
in the field showed mosaic symptoms. At this point "sudden
wilt" appeared; i.e. rows in the first stages of maturing
fruit would suddenly wilt and plants would be essentially
dead within a week or ten days. The European cantaloupes
did not show "sudden wilt," nor did some of our
breeding lines which have cucumber mosaic resistance approximately
as resistant to C.M.V. as the average of our breeding lines
although probably not as good as the best.
These cantaloupes do not have attractive outer appearance,
being non-netted, but their depth of flesh, orange flesh
color, and flavor are excellent. They are slightly late
in maturity for New York conditions. In additions to its
apparent mosaic tolerance, the strain of Charentais we grew
is one selected for fusarium resistance in France under
conditions where Delicious 51 and Iroquois are not resistant
(1).
These cantaloupes may represent a unique combination of
disease resistance and high quality. Small seed samples
are available for interested breeders.
Reference
- Messiaen, C.M., Georgette Risser et P. Pecaut. 1962.
Etude des Plantes Resistantes au Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp. melonis dans la Variete de Melon Cantaloup
Charentais. Annales Amelioration des Plantes 12(2): 157-164.
14. A New Source of Genic Male-Sterility in Cucurbita
pepo
H.M. Munger
Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University
In the fall of 1962, Mr. Hamdy M. Eisa showed me a male-sterile
plant of Cucurbita pepo which he had found in the
process of inbreeding the 'Balady' or 'native' variety of
summer squash at the Vegetable Research Station, Ministry
of Agriculture, Dokki, U.A.R. His results indicated that
it was probably a genic recessive. The fruit and plant were
similar to Zucchini except that the fruit was light green
in color, as desired in Egypt.
Mr. Eisa supplied a seed sample, presumed to be segregating,
and it was given the PI number 288,241. No male-sterile
plants appeared in plantings at Ithaca or Geneva in 1963,
but Dr. Dolan of the Regional Plant Introduction Station
at Geneva, N.Y. made a number of sib pollinations. This
seed produced one (1) male sterile plant in a row of about
6 plants at Ithaca in 1964. Meanwhile, Mr. Eisa supplied
some additional seed samples which were also planted at
Ithaca in 1964. In one row of 13 plants, 2 male steriles
were found. Nine fertile plants in this row (64-173) were
selfed and their progenies grown in the greenhouse in the
fall of 1964. Two of the 9 progenies consisted of fertile
plants only. The other 7 progenies produced 47 male-sterile
plants in a total of 162 plants, in agreement with Eisa's
hypothesis that a single recessive gene is responsible for
male-sterility.
Small samples of the selfed segregating progenies will
be supplied to anyone interested in working with this male-sterile
squash. Male-sterile plants can be identified easily by
examining the male flowers or buds as early as when they
are only about 1/2 inch long.
Dr. Oved Shifriss indicated in correspondence that the
recessive male-sterile he described in C. pepo
(Jour. Hered. 36:47-52. 1945) is no longer in existence
to his knowledge and encouraged the introduction of a new
source of this character. If by chance anyone does have
the Shifriss male-sterile, we would appreciate a seed sample
in order to make comparisons with the new one.
15. Cucurbita Species Crosses as a Source of
Resistance to Powdery Mildew
Thomas W. Whitaker
U.S. Department of Agriculture, La Jolla, California
Cultivars of the four annual species of Cucurbita,
C. pepo, C. mixta, C. moschata and C. maxima, are extremely
susceptible to the powdery mildew fungus, Erysiphe cichoracearum.
We have tested hundreds of accessions of these species without
uncovering a single item with a satisfactory level of resistance.
Cucurbita lundelliana, a wild species, indigenous
to Southern Mexico and Northern Guatemala, has considerable
resistance but is not immune to powdery mildew (Whitaker,
1956). On C. lundelliana foliage the fungus does
not sporulate freely, and if the plants are not subject
to repeated reinoculation there is little if any damage
from the parasite. Rhodes (1964) has shown that C. lundelliana-type
resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene.
Cucurbita lundelliana crosses readily with C.
maxima and C. moschata, but with some decrease
in fertility. Commencing in 1952, C. lundelliana
was crossed with C. maxima cv. 'Banana'; then followed
two crosses with C. moschata cv. 'Large Cheese'.
After 4 generations of selection and selfing, several relatively
stable lines have emerged with much more resistance to powdery
mildew than the susceptible parents. They also have a reasonable
amount of fertility. Nothing is known about the consumer
quality of the flesh, but flesh color, flesh thickness and
shape of the fruit is acceptable compared with the cvs.
'Butternut' and 'Large Cheese'. Under conditions at La Jolla,
California, the vines are vigorous and prolific. As anticipated
there are recognizable characters from all three species
in these combinations.
A limited amount of seed will be available to interested
breeders.
References
- Rhodes, A.M. 1964. The inheritance of powdery mildew
resistance in the genus Cucurbita. Plant Dis.
Rptr. 48(1):54-55.
- Whitaker, T.W. 1956. The origin of the cultivated Cucurbita.
Amer. Nat. 90:171-176.
16. Effect of Maturity of Lima Bean Pods on Germination
and Vigor of Seedlings
R.E. Wester and J.W. Metzler
Low seed germination of Fordhook 242 in the field and some
green-seeded Fordhooks (U.S. 561, 861, and 1061) in 1963
and 1964 pointed up the importance of determining some of
the factors that may influence seed germination and vigor
of lima bean seedlings.
At Beltsville, Maryland, in 1964, pods of Fordhook 242,
a white cotyledon variety, and two green-seeded Fordhooks
(U.S. 861 and 1061) were harvested at three stages of maturity.
They were (1) green mature, (2) pods starting to dry, and
(3) completely dry pods. The green mature and pods starting
to dry were air-dried slowly in a greenhouse and the seed
was shelled out by hand at the same time as the field-dried
pods. Germination tests were conducted in sterile moist
sand in a warm greenhouse, night temperatures of which were
70 to 75° F and day temperatures of 80 to 85° F.
Highest germination and most vigorous seedlings from all
lots of seed was from green mature pods and the lowest germination
was from pods that were allowed to dry completely in the
field. The seed from the green mature pods was bright and
clean while the seed from the field-dried pods was weather
stained and infected by fungi. It was also observed that
there was more bleaching of chlorophyll from the cotyledons
of 861 and 1061 due to exposure to the sun during the field
drying period of the pods.
According to this single season's study, it appears that
in order to obtain lima bean seed of the Fordhook types
of high germination, pods should be harvested when green
mature and air-dried slowly during the curing process.
17. Variations in Fruit Carpel Number of Varieties and
Strains of Peppers
A.E. Thompson, M.C. Chu, and A.K. Stoner
Department of Horticulture, University of Illinois, Urbana
A collection of 104 entries of 41 varieties and strains
of peppers were grown in a replicated trial at Urbana, Illinois
in 1963. A total of 2100 plants were classified for carpel
number distribution by observing sectioned fruits. Visual
observations of lobe numbers of whole fruits do not always
correlate perfectly with carpel number. Small carpels frequently
do not result in visible lobing of the apical end of certain
fruits.
The experimental design was a split plot with 2 replications.
The subplots for the 2 methods of sampling, each contained
5 plants. Records were taken on individual plants at weekly
intervals. One sampling method consisted of harvesting and
classifying all fruits set on a plant. A total of 9 harvest
were made. The second method consisted of harvesting and
classifying only mature fruits, i.e. those fruits at a marketable
stage of maturity. A total of 7 harvests were made for the
latter method.
Table 1. Comparison of two methods of sampling for distribution
of carpel number of 41 varieties and strains of peppers.
|
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Distribution of carpel numbers
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Sampling method |
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Immature fruit |
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Mature fruit |
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Total population |
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The number of carpels ranged from 2 to 8. A highly significant
difference was obtained between the two sampling methods
(Table 1). A shift to a higher mean carpel number was obtained
with the second method (marketable stage of maturity). A
possible explanation is that abscission of fruits with lower
carpel numbers may be greater than those with high numbers.
The removal of all immature fruits at weekly intervals may
also have exerted an effect on the physiology and developmental
morphology of the fruits in the first sampling method.
Variation associated with season or harvest date has not
yet been analyzed. In any event, it is clearly evident that
environmental factors greatly modify the expression of carpel
number both within and between plants. Table 2, which lists
the distributions of carpel numbers summed over both sampling
methods and harvest dates, shoes the extent of variation
that exist between varieties and strains of peppers. Undoubtedly
a sizeable component of this variation is heritable and
amenable to selection. A program of selection for both high
and low carpel number is currently in progress. An attempt
will be made to assess the relative contribution of heritable
and environmental components of variation.
Table 2. Distribution of carpel numbers and mean carpel
number of 104 entries of 41 varieties and strains of peppers.
|
|
Distribution of carpel
numbers (%) |
|
|
Variety or strain |
Number of entries |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6-8 |
Mean carpel number |
Number of fruit sampled |
New Hampshire #PG-62 |
1 |
14.5 |
66.4 |
19.0 |
0.1 |
0 |
3.05 |
920 |
Burpee's Hybrid 61-2 |
1 |
13.6 |
61.9 |
23.6 |
0.9 |
0 |
3.12 |
649 |
Wisconsin Lakes |
1 |
12.7 |
63.8 |
22.2 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
3.12 |
481 |
Pennwonder |
2 |
11.8 |
64.0 |
23.9 |
0.3 |
0 |
3.13 |
1393 |
Vinedale |
1 |
11.4 |
64.0 |
23.9 |
0.7 |
0 |
3.14 |
439 |
Early Bountiful |
1 |
12.2 |
61.9 |
25.3 |
0.6 |
0 |
3.14 |
727 |
Pimento types |
3 |
9.2 |
65.0 |
25.5 |
0.3 |
0 |
3.17 |
380 |
Yellow Oshkosh |
1 |
9.2 |
62.0 |
27.9 |
0.9 |
0 |
3.21 |
326 |
| Sunnybrook |
3 |
8.5 |
61.6 |
29.2 |
0.7 |
0 |
3.22 |
1619 |
Michigan State 61-535-1 |
1 |
5.6 |
61.9 |
31.9 |
0.6 |
0 |
3.28 |
661 |
| Italian E1 |
1 |
5.4 |
61.0 |
32.7 |
0.8 |
0 |
3.29 |
590 |
Michigan State 60-38-n |
1 |
5.5 |
58.2 |
34.8 |
1.5 |
0 |
3.32 |
603 |
| Cuban |
1 |
3.2 |
60.9 |
34.8 |
1.2 |
0 |
3.34 |
506 |
Large Early Neapolitan |
2 |
3.5 |
61.0 |
32.4 |
3.0 |
0 |
3.35 |
1216 |
Early Wonder |
1 |
4.1 |
57.4 |
36.7 |
1.8 |
0 |
3.36 |
169 |
Florida Giant |
4 |
4.0 |
58.2 |
35.2 |
2.5 |
0 |
3.36 |
945 |
Burpee's Fordhook |
1 |
5.3 |
54.7 |
37.3 |
2.6 |
0.1 |
3.38 |
855 |
California Wonder |
8 |
4.2 |
55.6 |
38.6 |
1.5 |
0.1 |
3.38 |
2015 |
Yolo Wonder |
13 |
4.7 |
54.8 |
38.0 |
2.4 |
0.1 |
3.38 |
2706 |
Wondergreen |
1 |
1.6 |
58.2 |
40.2 |
0 |
0 |
3.38 |
122 |
Calwonder |
7 |
3.9 |
53.1 |
41.1 |
1.9 |
0.1 |
3.41 |
1685 |
Oakview Wonder |
2 |
2.6 |
54.8 |
38.4 |
4.0 |
0.2 |
3.44 |
500 |
Rio Wonder |
2 |
4.0 |
49.3 |
45.0 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
3.45 |
349 |
Merrimack Wonder |
1 |
1.7 |
53.2 |
42.1 |
2.9 |
0.1 |
3.46 |
867 |
Staddon's Select |
1 |
3.0 |
51.6 |
41.4 |
4.0 |
0 |
3.46 |
473 |
Delaware Belle |
5 |
2.7 |
50.8 |
43.6 |
2.7 |
0.2 |
3.47 |
2392 |
Aconcagua |
1 |
1.2 |
47.3 |
50.9 |
0.6 |
0 |
3.51 |
165 |
Ruby King |
2 |
1.6 |
48.6 |
45.8 |
3.8 |
0.1 |
3.52 |
888 |
Lincoln Bell |
4 |
1.7 |
46.9 |
49.0 |
2.2 |
0.2 |
3.52 |
2051 |
| World Beater |
5 |
1.2 |
48.7 |
45.6 |
4.2 |
0.3 |
3.54 |
1397 |
Allbig |
4 |
1.8 |
46.6 |
47.5 |
3.9 |
0.2 |
3.54 |
1327 |
Keystone Resistant Giant |
5 |
1.5 |
42.8 |
50.4 |
5.2 |
0 |
3.59 |
789 |
Illinois #6 |
3 |
1.7 |
41.7 |
50.6 |
5.8 |
0.1 |
3.61 |
861 |
Illinois #4 |
2 |
1.2 |
41.2 |
52.7 |
4.7 |
0.2 |
3.62 |
427 |
P-1 Hybrid |
1 |
2.2 |
36.9 |
55.9 |
5.0 |
0 |
3.64 |
222 |
King of the North |
1 |
0.9 |
38.8 |
54.7 |
5.6 |
0 |
3.65 |
338 |
Idabelle |
1 |
2.1 |
36.0 |
57.1 |
4.2 |
0.5 |
3.65 |
189 |
Chinese Giant |
1 |
0.4 |
24.9 |
68.1 |
6.6 |
0 |
3.81 |
257 |
Illinois #2 |
3 |
0.7 |
28.8 |
57.8 |
12.0 |
0.7 |
3.83 |
922 |
Illinois #1 |
2 |
0 |
22.4 |
57.5 |
19.3 |
0.8 |
3.98 |
379 |
Illinois #3 |
3 |
0.2 |
19.3 |
56.4 |
22.7 |
1.4 |
4.06 |
585 |
18. Effect of Day-length on Peruvian Corn
E.A. Kerr
Native Peruvian corn was grown in 1962. It had exceptionally
deep kernels and appeared to be flour corn. It was claimed
to be the nearest to sweet corn that the natives were growing.
No tassels had appeared by October 1 although the stalks
reached a height of 14 feet. The tassels developing inside
the stalks were 6- to 8- foot level.
In 1963, several plants were covered with bushel hampers
to reduce the day-length to 8, and to 12, hours for 2 weeks
in the early seedling stage. These plants came into tassel
during August and September. Pollen was obtained and crosses
made with three commercial sweet corn hybrids. On the Peruvian
variety itself, long-shanked ears were formed but the silks
did not elongate and no seed was produced.
In 1964, some of the commercial hybrid x Peruvian plants
were given a short-day treatment of 9 hours. Tassels and
silks appeared on both treated and control plants but the
treatment hastened their appearance by about 2 weeks. In
general, these F1 plants produced short ears
with a long tassel tip. The row count was high. The kernels
were deep but not superior to some commercial hybrids. All
the kernels on some ears had sugary endosperm indicating
that at least some of the kernels of the accession were
heterozygous. The inheritance of the reaction to day-length
has not been determined.
19. Release of Sweet Corn Inbred Ma-21565 by the Massachusetts
Agricultural Experiment Station
W.H. Lachman
Sweet corn inbred Ma 21565 was developed in 1956 from a
single plant selection of Ma 21547-1-1 during a test for
resistance to bacterial wilt (Bacterium stewartii). The
plants of the two inbreds appear to be identical in gross
characteristics, however, in tests conducted at this station
the seed yield of Ma 21565 has been approximately 35 per
cent greater than Ma 21547. Inbred Ma 21565 is much less
subject to ear rot diseases, the seed quality is improved,
the ears tip out better and the row-count of kernels is
slightly greater. The general description of Ma 21565 is
as follows:
- Plant height: 4 1/2- 5 feet
- Anther color: yellow
- Pollen production: medium
- External silk color: white
- Interior silk color: white
- Tillers: nil at Amherst, Mass.
- Foliage: medium green in color
- Ear length at seed stage: 4 1/2 inches
- Ear diameter at seed stage: 1 3/8 inches
- Kernel color and type: a little darker than P39, depth
about the same and a little more broad
- Silking date: 3-5 days later than C13-1 at Amherst
Combines well with C13 and certain other early inbreds.
It can be used as either seed or pollen parent. The quality
is good. It shows good tolerance to both Bacterium stewartii
and Helminthosporium turcicum.
Germ plasm quantities of seed are available to research
workers and seed companies.
20. A Quick Method for Estimating Viscosity in Tomatoes
O.H. Pearson
This article appears in the Tomato Genetics Cooperative
Newsletter issued in February, 1965. The title is cross-referenced
here to call attention to it.
21. Effects of Fermentation on Germination of Tomato Seed
R.L. Lower and C.H. Cadregari
For many years tomato seed has been cleaned by allowing
the seeds, pulp and juice of ground up tomato fruit to ferment
for a given length of time. Germination rates of the majority
of seed lots cleaned in this manner have been satisfactory.
However, a very few lots of tomato seed cleaned by the fermentation
process have been low in germination and rates of others
have been somewhat erratic. One of the reasons for this
poor germination is now thought to be due to excessive fermentation
in the seed cleaning process. Differences in varietal response
to the duration of fermentation have been very striking.
Samples were taken daily from agitated and non-agitated
barrels of fermenting pulp and seed. Germination of seed
from variety A was 95% after 3 days of fermentation, 84%
after 5 days, 50% after 7 days, and 20% after 12 days. This
behavior is very different from that of variety B. Germination
of seed from variety B was in excess of 94% after 7 days
fermentation and was still above 90% after 12 days and 60%
after 21 days.
The varietal responses to fermentation are under further
consideration at the present time.
22. Effects of Nematode Infections on Yields, Fruit Size
and Soluble Solids of Tomato Fruits
Zidan E. Abdel-Al
An experiment was designed to test the effect of nematode
infection on yields, fruit size, number of fruits and total
soluble solids of the fruits. Two main varieties grown in
the United Arab Republic mainly for export were selected.
The varieties were Money Maker and Stoner. The experiment
was designed as a split plot. There were two treatments,
each treatment consisted of 5 pots. One of the treatment
was infected with nematodes. Each pot in that treatment
received 200 grams of macerated galled tomato roots. The
other treatment was considered as a control. The total yield
is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. The yields of healthy and infected tomato varieties.
|
Average yield per
5 plants in kg |
|
| Variety |
Healthy |
Infected |
Money Maker |
1.526 |
.872 |
Stoner |
1.525 |
.629 |
The fruit size was determined and shown in Table 2.
Table 2. The fruit size of healthy and infected tomato
varieties.
The number of fruits per plant is shown in Table 3.
Table 3. The number of fruits per plant of healthy and
infected varieties.
|
Average number of fruits per plant
|
|
|
|
|
Money Maker |
|
|
Stoner |
|
|
The percent soluble solids of fruits taken from healthy
and infected plants was determined and shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Percent soluble solids of fruits of healthy and
infected varieties.
The greenhouse experiments indicated that nematode infection
reduced the yields by 50 percent. The fruit size of Stoner
was seriously reduced by 38.8 percent. The reduction in
the number of fruits per plant was approximately 32.6 percent.
The total soluble solids of fruits was decreased by 8.2
percent. The differences were highly significant. The field
experiment is shown in Table 5.
Table 5. The average yield per plant of four tomato varieties
grown in a nematode infested and Vapam treated soil.
|
Yield in kilograms per plant
|
|
|
|
|
Anahu (resistant) |
|
|
Victory |
|
|
Stoner |
|
|
Shyenne |
|
|
The field experiment agreed with the greenhouse experiments.
The yields of Anahu were not affected when grown in a Vapam
treated and an infested soil.
23. Notes on BIRDSNEST Tomato Type
T.O. Graham, B. Heeney, L.H. Lyall, and L.F. Ounsworth
In 1954, L.F. Ounsworth of the Research Station, Canada
Department of Agriculture, Harrow, Ontario crossed the tomato
selection South Carolina W. St. 104-2 with the variety Harrow.
From this cross William Shumovich, while working at Harrow
in 1956, selected out plants with a different type of growth
which he designated and later distributed as BIRDSNEST.
In the ordinary tomato the leaves curve outward and spread
out over a row. With the original BIRDSNEST type the leaves
curve inward and circle over the fruit. The fruit appears
to be nesting within a layer of incurved leaves and for
this reason the term BIRDSNEST was used.
It was recognized that the 'nesting' fruit might be protected
by the incurved leaves from rough mechanical damage. By
1964 three institutions in Ontario were active with BIRDSNEST
type and the resulting pedigrees, as of 1964, will follow.
The first pedigree mentioned traces to Lloyd Lyall, Canada
Department of Agriculture, Research Station, Ottawa. He
has succeeded in transferring hp or high pigment to the
BIRDSNEST type. The second pedigree given traces to Dr.
B. Heeney and J.D. Metcalf, Smithfield Experimental Farm,
R. R. #4, Trenton. This stock has the ability to germinate
in cool soils. The third pedigree traces in part to the
Ontario Agricultural College at Guelph. It is the result
of a cross made by Dr. L. Butler, Department of Zoology,
University of Toronto. In this last cross all efforts carried
out so far at Guelph by Dr. Butler and Professor T.O. Graham
to combine Crn1 Crn1 crn2
crn2 , or the crimson gene combination, with
the BIRDSNEST type have failed.
- BIRDSNEST x (Redtop x Webb Special) F6
- BIRDSNEST x (Ottawa 6 x Manitoba) F6
- BIRDSNEST x Crn1 Crn1 crn2
crn2 F5
BIRDSNEST could prove an ideal type for machine picking.
This point will be investigated by Professor J.H. Lee just
as soon as sufficient seed in on hand to keep machine picking
experiments on an acreage basis.
24. Work With High Crimson Variety -- 1964
T.O. Graham
The present High Crimson variety carries the ug gene or,
in other words it has a slight tinge of darker green on
the stem end of the fruit. Fruit carrying ug are generally
more prone to cracking than those carrying u, or uniform
green fruit. Out of 1300 plants three High Crimson plants
were located carrying the u or even-ripening gene. These
have been previously noted as Stock 4, plant 9; Stock 48,
plant 3; Stock 58, plant 6. Every effort will be made to
move High Crimson variety over into a more crack resistant
and possibly uniform ripening or u form.
With High Crimson the blossom-end scar is often too prominent.
To counteract this High Crimson has been crossed with USDA
P.I. 263726 which traces to Puerto Rico, and F1
seed is on hand. This Puerto Rico stock has a small scar,
is u, and is very resistant to cracking.
Plants carrying intense crimson fruit color possess a long
straggly vine. To get away from this, many long-vined crimson-fruited
plants have been crossed with sp or self-pruning types.
Over 5000 plants have been grown from such crosses but it
has been found impossible so far to combine self-pruning
or sp with Crn1 Crn1 crn2
crn2 or the crimson gene combination. For this
reason the previously mentioned cross with 263726 from Puerto
Rico will be watched with special interest as 263726 carries
both the u and sp genes. Many other varieties and selections
carrying this or similar combinations have been crossed
with High Crimson and they are in part as follows: Morden
262, Libby c-49, Heinz 1350, South Carolina Leaf Retentive,
and Florida 2-D2-D1-D3-VAStW.
The cross between High Crimson and Campbell C1327-Bsp has
even more intense crimson flesh color than the High Crimson
variety. There are eight different F6 lines of
this cross on hand and these may be grown at Leamington
in 1965. When this cross is backcrossed to High Crimson
the F1 looks promising. Two other backcrosses
show promise and they are as follows:
(Cold Set x High Crimson) x High Crimson
(High Crimson x Blitz) x High Crimson
The last mentioned cross High Crimson x Blitz traces to
the Canada Department of Agriculture at Smithfield, Ontario.
This backcross has been distributed to many processors in
Ontario.
The commercial tomato has yellow colored flowers. With
High Crimson orange-flowered forms were located in 1960.
It has been found under intense sunlight that flowers which
would normally be orange are yellow instead. An attempt
is being made to stabilize the orange color so that it will
appear in the flowers even when they are subjected to intense
heat.
Seed of og or flowers carrying the old gold gene was obtained
from Dr. John E. Boynton of the University of California.
Indoors, and under winter conditions at Guelph, the og gene
produces tangerine orange flowers as compared to the yellowish
orange flowers produced under similar conditions by the
High Crimson variety.
The old gold or og flowers eventually produce fruit with
intense red color almost equal visually to the High Crimson
variety. Old Gold has been crossed with High Crimson to
see if an orange flower can be combined with High Crimson
and remain stabilized under intense heat.
It is too early as yet to state that the color of the flower
can be used as a marker to indicate the intensity of pigmentation
in the fruit. This point can be studied if it is possible
later to create lines with 100% of the plants presently
with orange flowers. We are, however, at the present time
using orange flowers as a marker for the crimson gene combination
in segregating populations.
Another new flower color has been located. Stock 66, plant
5 of the High Crimson variety mutated in 1965 from orange
to brown colored flowers. It has intense crimson flesh.
In the winter of 1963-64 over 8000 plants of the cross
Crimson s11 x divergens were grown to see if
a combination between divergens (di) and stamenless (s1)
could be produced. Both are situated on chromosome 4. No
plants carrying the combination were located but the fruit
colors which resulted are of interest and could be of value.
Three colors new to the tomato may have been located namely
brown and purple external fruit color, and apricot flesh
color. Orange color was located in 1963 and 1964 in the
epidermis or peel.
25. Location of the Crimson Factor in Tomato
M.L. Tomes, H.T. Erickson, and R.J. Barman
The Crimson character, first described by Butler, has been
of tremendous interest to tomato breeders because of enhanced
fruit color. T.O. Graham in his mimeo "Work With High
Crimson -- 1964" reports that more than 5000 plants
from crosses between self pruning (sp) and Crimson failed
to yield a self pruning - crimson recombinant.
Since Crimson lowers the beta-carotene content, and gene
B enhances the beta-carotene fraction, we were interested
in the combined effect of Crimson and B. A small F2
of the cross BB x Crimson was classified in the greenhouse.
Of a total of 37 plants, 9 were red fleshed. Of these 9,
8 were classified as Crimson.
These results can be explained if the Crimson factor (or
one of the Crimson factors, if there are two, as postulated)
is linked to B. B is known to be closely linked to sp. Thus,
the Crimson factor (or one of them) must be on chromosome
6 near sp and B. If there are two Crimson genes, Cr1
Cr1 cr2 cr2 several possibilities
exist: (1) the BB parent already carries one of the genes,
(2) the recessive is the linked factor, thus most of the
red recombinants carried the unlinked dominant Cr1,
or, (3) both factors are linked to sp and B. Otherwise,
even in this small F2, it is difficult to account
for this proportion of Crimson plants among the red recombinants.
If these deductions are correct, Crimson should be fairly
closely linked to potato leaf (c) and old gold
flower (og). Graham has a Crimson stock with orange
flowers and he has been using orange flowers as a marker
for the crimson gene combination in segregating populations.
Combinations with potato leaf, or self pruning (if possible)
might also serve as markers which are less difficult to
classify.
26. An Improved Method of Separating Watermelon Seeds
from the Pulp
Charles M. Jones
The standard methods of separating watermelon seeds such
as fresh washing or fermenting to affect breakdown of the
cells are somewhat unsatisfactory in that fresh washing
is laborious while fermenting is unpleasant and may result
in seed damage if treatment is prolonged. A pectinase enzyme,
Pectinol 100-D from Rohm and Haas, was investigated for
its effectiveness in promoting the breakdown of the pulp
of watermelon without damaging the seeds. Three levels of
enzyme for two time periods were compared with fresh washing,
fermenting for four days, and treatment with 5% HCl.
Acid treatment definitely lowered the germination. Fermentation
seemed to lower the germination slightly but not significantly.
Fresh washing and pectinase treatments gave seeds with equal
germinability. The pectinase treatment was tried on hard-fleshed
citron types and was very effective in these types, also.
The pectinase treatment was not tried on tetraploid seeds
but its trial use is clearly indicated in view of the relatively
tougher flesh of these types and the greater susceptibility
of tetraploid and triploid seeds to the fermentation process.
The enzyme is relatively inexpensive and is readily available.
A treatment of 0.2% by weight for about two days would apparently
give adequate breakdown of the flesh of watermelons while
still not damaging the seeds.
27. A New Dwarf Cucumber Mutant
R.W. Robinson and W. Mishanec
The interest in dwarf cucumbers for mechanical harvesting
prompted us to search our stocks derived from thermal neutron
seed treatment in previous generations for new mutants that
might be useful. Several interesting types were found and
are under study now. One of them appeared especially promising.
Internodes of this mutant are extremely short and the plant
is very compact.
This dwarf mutant originally was of very poor horticultural
type, since it was induced in the variety Lemon, but segregants
with good fruit type occurred in the F2 of a
cross with Wisconsin SMR 18. In general, the dwarfs had
shorter fruit than did normal vine types of this F2,
but many of the dwarfs had acceptable fruit length to diameter
ratio and their fruit remained in the desirable stage for
a longer period of time.
This dwarf mutant should be a good marker gene for genetic
studies but it is too early to know if it will be useful
for breeding. At least two problems will have to be overcome
by selection to make practical use of this mutant; the dwarfs
had undesirably short peduncles and low seed production.
All F1's between dwarfs and normal had normal
plant habit. Segregation in several F2 families
totaled 580 normal to 151 dwarf. There was a significant
deviation from a 3:1 ratio (X2 = 7.3, p = <
.01) and significant heterogeneity between F2
families; some families being in close agreement with 3:1
while others were deficient in dwarfs. It is concluded that
the dwarf habit is conditioned by a single recessive gene
with differential variability, which we are naming dwarf-1
(dw1).
28. Suggestions For Topics
Shigemi Honma, Chairman
Suggestions for topics to be discussed at our Vegetables
Breeding and Variety Committee meeting to be held next August,
during the ASHS meeting mail your suggestions to Shigemi
Honma, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University
or to any of the committee members: Dr. John Bowers, Dr.
E.M. Meader, Dr. Elmo Davis, Dr. Lincoln Pierce, Dr. Phillip
Minges, Dr. Robert Soost or Mr. Iver Jorgensen.
29. Uncatalogued Vegetable Varieties Available for Trial
in 1965
This list is aimed at facilitating the exchange of information
about potential new varieties, or new varieties which have
not yet appeared in catalogues. Persons conducting vegetable
variety trials who wish seed of items on this list should
request samples from the sources indicated.
It is the responsibility of the person sending out seed
to specify that it is for trial only, or any other restriction
he may want to place on its use.
Crops are listed alphabetically, with lima beans and sweet
corn listed under "L" and "S". For each
entry the following information is given: Designation, source
of trial samples, outstanding characteristics, variety suggested
for comparison (not given separately if mentioned in description),
status of variety (preliminary trial, advanced trial, to
be released, or released), and contributor of information
if different from source of trial samples. Where several
samples are listed consecutively from one source, the address
is given only for the first.
- Bean
- KB-2 Green podded Snap bean. P.E. Hill, Keystone
Vegetables Seed Research Department, 9870 Fairview
Road, Hollister, California. A high quality white
seeded shipping bean with possibilities for processing.
Compare with Harvestor. Advanced trial. Contributed
by Theodore Franklin, Keystone Research.
- KB-3 P.E. Hill. An excellent quality white seeded
bean for canning and freezing. Compare with Tendercrop,
Corneli 14 and Tenderwhite. Adv. trial.
- KB-4. P.E. Hill A high quality white seeded shipping
bean with possibilities for canning. Compare with Harvestor.
Advanced trial.
- Cabbage
- #104. O.H. Pearson, Seed Research Specialists, 2650
San Juan Highway, San Juan Bautista, California. Market
type, smaller heads, yellowish inner leaves. (Too
much yellow for kraut type) Compare with Glory. Preliminary
trial.
- Carrot
- Pioneer hybrid. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Inc,.
Rochester, N.Y. 14524. Uniform long market or processing
type carrot with Nantes quality. To be released. Contributed
by Carl Cadregari.
- Celery
- Tall Green Light C. E.W. Scott Joseph Harris Co.,
Inc. Uniform long petioles. NO yellow chlorotic plants.
This is the result of a selection and selfs made in
Tall Green Light by Dr. Munger of Cornell. Released
but not catalogued. Contributed by Robert Wilkins.
- Cucumber
- Northern Pickling. R.M. Bailey, Plants & Soils
Dept., Deering Hall Orono, Maine. Very early, highly
productive, scab resistant, compact vined, black spined
pickling type adapted to northern short season areas.
Not resistant to mosaic. True breeding, not hybrid.
released.
- Gy54 x Ashley. W.C. Barnes, Clemson University Truck
Experiment Station, Box 3158 Charleston, S.C. Early,
productive slicer cuke; resistant downy and powdery
mildew, tolerant anthracnose. Hybrid using gynoecious
seed parent. Compare with Ashley. Advanced trial.
- NH#PM-1 'Tiny Dill'. E.M. Meader, Plant Science,
University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H. Dwarf early
2-foot vine sets at one time 10-15 small slender white-spine
fruits. Has proven useful for home garden pickles.
A true-breeding variety. Preliminary trial.
- P3N 16. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co., Inc., Rochester,
N.Y. 14624. Earliness, high yield. Mosaic resistance.
Gynoecious hybrid. Compare with Saticoy or Ashley.
Advanced trial. Contributed by R.W. Lower. would appreciate
observation on disease resistance. Adv. trial.
- P3A 16. E.W. Scott. Earliness, high total yield,
Mosaic resistance, tolerance to downey mildew. Gynoecious
hybrid. Would appreciate observation on disease resistance.
Compare with Saticoy or Ashley. Advanced trial.
- H16. E.W. Scott. Earliness, high total yield. Mosaic
resistance gynoecious hybrid. Would appreciate observations
on disease resistance. Adv. trial.
- SR Tablegreen. H.M. Munger, Dept. of Plant Breeding,
Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850. Similar to
Tablegreen in all respects but with scab resistance
added. A sister line (61-191 T) with longer, slimmer
fruit than Tablegreen. Will not be released as a variety
because it is later and lower yielding than Tablegreen.
Advanced trial. Samples are available for use as breeding
material.
- SR388.H.M.Munger. Resistant to scab and mosaic,
earlier, more productive and better fruit shape than
Tablegreen, but color not as good and does not have
Tablegreen tolerance to powdery mildew. Color excellent
at lower temperatures but becomes lighter at high
temperatures. To be released.
- SR467. H.M. Munger. A scab and mosaic resistant
slicer based on backcrosses to 540467 with selection
for greater fruit length as well as scab resistance.
Earlier, more like Marketer in appearance than SR
388 or SR Tablegreen but some question whether fruit
is long enough. Preliminary trial.
- Lima Bean
- MSU 65. Early, green seeded, high yield, pod set
concentrated in the center of plant. Compare with
Thaxter, Thorogreen. Advanced trial. Shigemi Honma,
Dept. of Horticulture, Michigan State University,
East Lansing, Michigan.
- Melon
- Golden Perfection. Eugene P. Brasher, Dept. of Horticulture,
University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware. High quality
and resistant to downey mildew, powdery mildew and
Alternaria leaf spot. Compare with Edisto. Released
Dec. 15.
- #63-4. C.F. Andrus, U.S. Vegetable Breeding Laboratory,
P.O.Box 3348, St. Andrews Br. P.O., Charleston, S.C.
Productive, more stable performance in unfavorable
environments. Compare with Hale's Best. Preliminary
trial.
- Campo. GW Bohn, P.O. Box 150, La Jolla, California.
Resistant to powdery mildew. Adapted to early spring
culture; shipping cantaloupe. Compare with PMR4-50.
To be released.
- Jacumba. G.W. Bohn. Resistant to powdery mildew.
Adapted to early spring culture; shipping cantaloupe.
Compare with PMR4-50. Released 8-15-64.
- Male-sterile 2. G.W.Bohn Single-gene pair male-sterile.
Resistant to powdery mildew released 12-24-64
- Hybrid 64-18. D. Markarian, Dept. of Horticulture,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich. Muskmelon.
Compare with Supermarket and Burpee Hybrid. Preliminary
trial.
- Southern Pea
- Ark.203- John L. Bowers, University of Arkansas,
Fayetteville, Ark. Bush type with no basal runner
development, concentrated pod set. Matures a crop
in 65-75 days; can be harvested with Chisholm-Ryder
harvester. Compare with Extra Early Blackeye or Monarch.
Advanced trial.
- Va.60-21 Blackeye Pea. W.H. Brittingham, Virginia
Truck Experiment Station, P.O. Box 2160, Norfolk,
Va. Runnerless, bunch type, long peduncles. Compare
with 'Prince Anne'. Preliminary trial.
- Crimson. John L. Bowers. University of Arkansas,
Fayetteville, Ark. Erect plant type, concentrated
pod set, high shelling percentage. Matures a crop
in 75-85 days; pods set at foliage level. Pods are
tightly filled but it shells easily. Released January,
1965.
- Squash
- NH # BN-12, ' Candy Stripe'. E.M. Meader, Plant
Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H.
early semi-bush Table Queen with 2-lb. bicolor green
and white fruits, thick good-baking flesh, naked eatable
seeds. Bush plant has unbranched vine 5 to 6 feet
in length. Probably can be machine harvested. Compare
with Des Moines or Table Queen. Preliminary trial.
- Zucchini Hybrid Elite. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris
Co., Inc., Rochester, N.Y. 14624. Longer, straighter
squash with slightly darker green color than Zucchini
Hybrid. Released but not catalogued. Contributed by
R.L. Lower.
- Sweet Corn
- Vh631. E.A.Kerr, Horticultural Experiment Station,
Vineland station, Ontario, Canada. Extreme earliness.
Compare with 'Gold Mine'. Preliminary trial.
- VH632. E.A. Kerr. Early, high eating-quality. Compare
with Seneca 60-II. Advanced trial.
- Gold Eagle L. S x R. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co.,
Inc., Rochester, N.Y. 14624. Gold Eagle L made with
a sterile seed parent and restorer pollen parent.
To be released.
- Gold Trophy L. E.W. Scott. Market corn with Iochief
size ear; maturing one week earlier than Iochief and
easy picking. Released but not catalogued.
- North Star S x R. E.W. Scott. Market corn with good
husk appearance, maturing 2 days later than Northern
Belle. Compare with Carmelcross. Releases but not
catalogued.
- Northern Belle 45. E.W. Scott. Refined market corn,
small kernel; 2 days later than Northern Belle. released
but not catalogued.
- Spring Gold C122B. E.W. Scott. Early, small kerneled
market type. Compare with Spring Gold, North Star.
To be Released.
- Spring Gold S X R. E.W. Scott. Spring Gold made
with a sterile seed parent and restorer pollen parent.
To be released.
- Tomato
- Del. 65S3-2. Eugene P. Brasher, Dept. of Horticulture,
University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 18711. High
yielder, concentrated ripening and resistant to Fusarium
wilt. Compare with Heinz 1350. Advanced trial.
- V641. E.A. Kerr, Horticultural Experiment Station,
Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada. Early, crack resistant,
good holding ability. Oval fruits, 'Red Top' size
but not paste type. Probable uses: mechanical harvesting,
fresh market as salad or lunch box variety. Advanced
trial.
- V651. E.A. Kerr. Early processing type with high
crack resistance. Compare with Rideau. Preliminary
trial.
- V652. E.A. Kerr. Similar to V651 but slightly later.
Compare with Rideau. Preliminary trial.
- Ottawa 60. L.H. Lyall, Ottawa Research Station,
Canada Dept. of Agr., Ottawa, Ontario. Small compact
plant; intense color. Combines high pigment (hp) with
u and small, compact "birdsnest" type plant;
would require close spacing for good acre-yields.
Advanced trial.
- No. 2327. O.H. Pearson, Seed Research Specialists,
2650 San Juan Highway, San Juan Bautista, California.
Indeterminate. Large pear pastic type. Fruits typical
pear shape, but large with pear texture. Compare with
Roma. Preliminary trial.
- Moreton Hybrid VR. E.W. Scott, Joseph Harris Co.,
Inc., Rochester, N.Y. 14624. Verticillium resistant
Moreton Hybrid. To be released. Contributed by Carl
Cadregari.
- Manhattan VCLW. E.W. Scott. Moreton Hybrid type
with some crack tolerance. Released but not fully
catalogued. Contributed by Carl Cadregari.
- Tip Top Trellis (CR 8). E.W. Scott. Excellent crack
resistance in medium size trellis type tomato. Greater
than Trellis 22. Released but not catalogued.
- Superman. E.W. Scott. Verticillium, fusarium, second
early tomato with extra large fruit size and good
yield. Compare with Big Boy hybrid. Released but not
catalogued. Contributed by Carl Cadregari.
- Caravelle (W17L). E.W. Scott. Verticillium, crack
resistant, mid season hybrid similar to Cardinal Hybrid.
Released but not catalogued.
- STEP 397. E.V. Wann, U.S. Vegetable Breeding Laboratory,
Box 3348 St. Andrews Br. P.O., Charleston, S.C. 29407.
High yield; resistant to Fusarium wilt, gray leaf
spot, early blight, and leaf mold; excellent fruit
quality. A fresh market type tomato being considered
for release this year. Compare with Homestead 24.
- Watermelon
- Tetra 2. C.F. Andrus, U.S. Vegetable Breeding Laboratory,
P.O. 3348 St. Andrews Br., Charleston, S.C. 29407. Extra
hard rind and firm flesh; few seeds. A tetraploid. The
special storage quality of this melon suggests that
it could be used to develop an overseas market. Compare
with Sugar Baby. To be released.
30. Stocks Desired
- Tomato
- Breeding material or varieties for trial which are
able to set fruit at 80°F. at night and 100°F.
or more in the daytime; LeVern Lorenz, Box 52, Isabella,
Oklahoma 73747.
